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Synchrotron Radiation and the Final Focus Quadrupole Magnets

Since the intensity of synchrotron radiation is on the same order as the beam itself, it would be very dangerous if they scatter at the pole tips of the nearest quadrupole magnet; it is also very difficult to shield them near the IP. The amount of synchrotron radiation is determined by both the size and divergence of the beam profile, since they are emitted tangentially to the beam envelope. The beam size shall be well defined by the collimation, while the divergence is given by the optics(tex2html_wrap_inline1617) and emittance(tex2html_wrap_inline1619) in the final focus system with the relation tex2html_wrap_inline1621, where tex2html_wrap_inline1623, in order to maximize the luminosity. Therefore, the amount of synchrotron radiation must be controlled by collimation. If we can not control it by some means, we must change the optics to enlarge tex2html_wrap_inline1617 so that tex2html_wrap_inline1627 decreases. We may thus even have to sacrifice the luminosity because of tex2html_wrap_inline1629. A similar situation would likely occur at the beginning of operation with a larger emittance than the expected one, as happened in the SLC experiments.

    figure252
Figure 6: Profiles of the synchrotron radiation at QC1. The profile at the center accompanies the in-coming beam. The two right-hand side's ones are passing through QC1 of 2.4m long after a collision with a 8mrad horizontal crossing.
Figure 5: Horizontal(6tex2html_wrap_inline1631) and vertical(35tex2html_wrap_inline1631) beam envelopes through the last bending magnet and four final focus quadrupole magnets(QC1,QC2,QC3,QC4) for the JLC-I. The maximum divergences of the synchrotron radiation are also drawn by arrows.

Figure 5 shows beam envelops of tex2html_wrap_inline1635 from the last bending magnet to the IP(for a distance of tex2html_wrap_inline1421140m) at JLC-I, where the smearing effect due to collimation is not taken into account because its probability was estimated to be very small(tex2html_wrap_inline1607). With a mask of 3mm radial aperture located at 60m from the IP, synchrotron radiation from the upstream magnets beyond the last bending magnet can be completely collimated so that they pass through the nearest quadrupole magnet(QC1) without scattering, since the half aperture of the QC1 is 6.85mm. As can be clearly seen in Fig.5, the radiations from QC3 and QC2 provide the maximum divergences at the IP in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The profiles of the radiation at the QC1 are shown in Fig.6. The length and inner aperture of the QC1 are 2.4m and 13.7mmtex2html_wrap_inline1641, respectively, and the front face is located 2.5m from the IP. The in-coming radiation passes through the central axis of QC1. After a collision with 8mrad horizontal crossing angle, the out-going radiation passes at the off-axis, which is depicted as two elliptic profiles connecting each other in Fig.6.

As described above, it is expected that there should be no background problems due to the synchrotron radiation if we carefully optimize the collimation and the optics simultaneously.


next up previous contents
Next: pairs from Beam-beam Up: Background and the Interaction Previous: Muons and Collimation

Toshiaki Tauchi
Fri, Dec 20, 1996 02:24:05 PM