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GCC Primer for Stupid High Energy Physicists
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(Update Record)
  1999/06/19  K.Fujii		Original version.



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[0] General Rules
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R1:	Stick to ANSI C.


const Char_t A::kS = "Some string";	// instantiate a string

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
[1] How to use initializers
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     int a[6] = { [1] = v1, v2, [4] = v4 };

is equivalent to

     int a[6] = { 0, v1, v2, 0, v4, 0 };

   Labeling the elements of an array initializer is especially useful
when the indices are characters or belong to an `enum' type.  For
example:

     int whitespace[256]
       = { [' '] = 1, ['\t'] = 1, ['\h'] = 1,
           ['\f'] = 1, ['\n'] = 1, ['\r'] = 1 };

Use `[FIRST ... LAST] = VALUE' to initialize a range of elements to the
same value:

     int widths[] = { [0 ... 9] = 1, [10 ... 99] = 2, [100] = 3 };


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[2] Character constans
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The Character <ESC> in Constants
================================

   You can use the sequence `\e' in a string or character constant to
stand for the ASCII character <ESC>.


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[3] Alignment
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`aligned (ALIGNMENT)'
     This attribute specifies a minimum alignment for the variable or
     structure field, measured in bytes.  For example, the declaration:

          int x __attribute__ ((aligned (16))) = 0;

     causes the compiler to allocate the global variable `x' on a
     16-byte boundary.  On a 68040, this could be used in conjunction
     with an `asm' expression to access the `move16' instruction which
     requires 16-byte aligned operands.

     You can also specify the alignment of structure fields.  For
     example, to create a double-word aligned `int' pair, you could
     write:

          struct foo { int x[2] __attribute__ ((aligned (8))); };

     This is an alternative to creating a union with a `double' member
     that forces the union to be double-word aligned.

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[4] Case Range
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Use
     case LOW ... HIGH:

This has the same effect as the proper number of individual `case'
labels, one for each integer value from LOW to HIGH, inclusive.

   This feature is especially useful for ranges of ASCII character
codes:

     case 'A' ... 'Z':

Write spaces around the `...'.

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[5] ElectricFence
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Add
	-lefence

to detect memory overrun.