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\begin{document}

\title{$B=$;NO@J8(B\\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\\$B%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k7?%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$N(B\\$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NB,Dj(B\\Measurement of energy loss \\in a mini jet cell type drift chamber}

\author{$BEl5~G@9)Bg3XBg3X1!9)3X8&5f2J(B $BEE;R>pJs9)3X@l96(B \\$BCfB<(B $BM42p(B}
\date{2001$BG/(B 1$B7n(B31$BF|(B }
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\newpage
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$B#1>O(B $B=xO@(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\chapter{$B=xO@(B}
\label{joron}

$B8=:_!">-Mh7W2h$H$7$FEE;R!&M[EE;R@~7A>WFM7?2CB.4o$G$"$k(BJLC(Japan Linear Collider)$B7W2h$,?J$s$*$j!"B,Dj4o!"2CB.4o$NN>J}$G3+H/8&5f$,9T$J$o$l$F$$$k!#(B
$BEl5~G@9)Bg3X$O!"9b%(%M%k%.!<2CB.4o8&5f5!9=!"C^GHBg3X$J$I$N3F8&5f5!4X$H$H$b$K!"(BJLC$B$NB,Dj4o$N0l$D$G$"$k(BCDC($BCf1{Ht@W8!=P4o(B)$B$N8&5f3+H/$K;22C$7$F$$$k!#(B

JLC$B$G$O!"I8=`M}O@$K$"$C$F%2!<%8N3;R$dJ*<AN3;R$N<ANL$r@8$_=P$9$J$/$F$O$J$i$J$$N3;R$G$"$k%R%C%0%9N3;R$NH/8+$H>\:Y$J8&5f!"%H%C%W%/%)!<%/$N>\:Y$J8&5f!"D6BP>NN3;R$NH/8+!"(BZ$BN3;R!"(BW$BN3;R$NBgNL@8@.$K$h$kI8=`LO7?$ND6@:L)8!>ZEy!"6K$a$FK-$+$JJ*M}@.2L$,4|BT$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$N$h$&$J8&5fL\E*$NCf$N$R$H$D$G$"$k%R%C%0%9N3;R$NH/8+$H8&5f$K:G$b=EMW$JLr3d$r2L$?$9$N$,(BCDC$B$G$"$k!#$3$N%R%C%0%9N3;R$NB,Dj$O!"(B$e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow H^{0}Z^{0}$$B$NH?1~$G(B$Z^{0}$$B$NJx2u$+$i@8$8$k%l%W%H%sBP$NH?D7<ANLJ,I[$NB,Dj$K$h$j9T$J$&!#$3$NH?D7<ANL$O!"%l%W%H%sBP$N1?F0NL$r(BCDC$B$K$h$jHt@W:F9=@.$9$k$3$H$K$h$j5a$^$k!#$3$NH?D7<ANL$NJ,2rG=$r@:EY$h$/B,Dj$9$k$3$H$O%R%C%0%9N3;R$NB,Dj$K$OIT2D7g$G$"$j!"$=$l$O(BCDC$B$K$h$k1?F0NLJ,2rG=$K$h$C$F7h$^$C$F$/$k!#$3$N4|BTDL$j$N@.2L$r$"$2$k$K$O!"(BCDC$B$N@-G=$r8!F$$7!"$=$N<B8=$K8~$1$F3+H/8&5f$r9T$J$&$3$H$,BgJQ=EMW$G$"$k!#8=:_!"(BCDC$B$N3+H/8&5f$N0l4D$H$7$F<B5!$HF1MM$N%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k9=B$$r;}$D%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$r;HMQ$7!"(BCDC$B$N@-G=$N8&5f$,9T$J$o$l$F$$$k!#(B
$BK\8&5f$NB>$K!"1?F0NL$rB,Dj$9$k$N$K7g$+$;$J$$0LCVJ,2rG=$N@-G=I>2A$J$I$,8=:_?J$a$i$l$F$$$k!#(B

$BAGN3;RH?1~$K$*$$$F(BCDC$B$O<g$KFs$D$NB,Dj$r9T$J$&$3$H$,=PMh$k!#0l$D$O2YEEN3;R$N1?F0NL$NB,Dj!"$b$&0l$D$O$=$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,Dj$G$"$k!#(BJLC$B$G$O(BCDC$B$G1?F0NL$rB,Dj$9$k$3$H$OBgJQ=EMW$G$"$k$3$H$O@h$K=R$Y$?!#0lJ}!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,Dj$r9T$J$&$3$H$bAGN3;RH?1~$K$h$C$F@8$^$l$?N3;R$N<oN`$rCN$j$?$$;~!"$D$^$jN3;R<1JL$r9T$J$&>l9g$K=EMW$J>pJs$N0l$D$H$J$k!#$h$C$F!"(BCDC$B$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NB,Dj$r9T$J$$!"$=$N@-G=$r8!F$$9$k$3$H$O(BCDC$BA4BN$N@-G=$rI>2A$9$k>e$G$b=EMW$H$J$C$F$/$k!#(B

$B$^$?!";d$O(B4$BG/$NB46H8&5f$G(BJLC-CDC$B$G;HMQM=Dj$N(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9Cf$NEE;R$N%,%9A}I}$N8&5f$rHfNc7W?t4I$rMQ$$$F9T$J$C$?!#$3$NEE;R$N%,%9A}I}$O!"%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$G$N8!=P?.9f$NBg$-$5$r7h$a$k=EMW$J$b$N$G$"$j!"8!=P?.9f$NBg$-$5$G7h$^$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$HL)@\$J4X78$K$"$k!#B46H8&5f$G$O!"(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9$O$=$N%,%9$NFCD'$G$"$kEE;R$N3H;6$,>.$5$$$3$H$+$i!"%,%9A}I}$,L)=8$7$F5/$-$k$3$H$K$h$k6u4VEE2YEE3&$N1F6A$G!"B>$N%,%9$h$j$bHf3SE*Dc$$EE>l$G%,%9A}I}$,K0OB$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$^$?!"(BCDC$B$GM=Dj$7$F$$$kEE>lNN0h$G$O?.9f$NGH9b%9%Z%/%H%k$,Fs$D$KJ,$+$l$kFCD'E*$J8=>]$b5/$-$F$$$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$=$N7k2L$K$h$j!"8!=P?.9f$NBg$-$5$G7h$^$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,DjJ,2rG=$O$=$l$[$INI$/$J$$2DG=@-$,$"$k$3$H$,9M$($i$l$?!#(B

$B$h$C$FK\8&5f$G$O!"<B5!$HF1MM$N%;%k9=B$$r$b$D%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$rMQ$$$F%S!<%`%F%9%H$K$h$k<B83$r9T$J$$!"$3$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$rD4$Y$k$H$H$b$K!"6u4VEE2Y$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$X$N1F6A$bD4$Y$?!#(B
\newpage
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$B#2>O(B $B2YEEN3;R$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\chapter{$B2YEEN3;R$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B}\label{energyloss1}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%2.1$B2YEEN3;R$HJ*<A$H$NAj8_:nMQ(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B2YEEN3;R$HJ*<A$H$NAj8_:nMQ(B}
$B2YEEN3;R$,J*<ACf$rDL2a$9$k$H!"2YEEN3;R$HJ*<A$r9=@.$9$kJ,;RCf(B($B%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$G$O%,%9J,;R(B)$B$NEE;R$H$N4V$K%/!<%m%sNO$,F/$/!#$3$N%/!<%m%sNO$K$h$k>WFM$GEE;R$O;6Mp$5$l!"86;R$NB+G{$+$iN%$l$k!#$3$l$rEE<'Aj8_:nMQ$H8F$S!"$3$NEE<'Aj8_:nMQ$K$h$C$F86;R$N50F;$+$iHt$S=P$9EE;R$K$h$C$F2YEEN3;R$N8!=P$,2DG=$K$J$k!#$^$?!"$3$NEE;R$,;6Mp$GF@$?%(%M%k%.!<$O2YEEN3;R$N;}$C$F$$$?%(%M%k%.!<$N0lIt$G$"$k!#$3$l$r2YEEN3;R$,J*<ACf$rDL2a$9$k$H$-$K<:$&%(%M%k%.!<!"$9$J$o$A%(%M%k%.!<B;<:!"(B$dE/dx$$B$H8F$V!#(B

 $B2YEEN3;R$,J*<ACf$rDL2a$9$k$H$-$NC10LD9$5Ev$?$j$NJ?6Q%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$O(B$Bethe-Bloch$$B$N<0$GM?$($i$l$k!#(B


\begin{equation}
-\frac{dE}{dx}=4\pi{N}_A{r_e}^{2}m_{e}c^{2}\rho z^2\frac{Z}{A}\frac{1}{\beta^2}\Bigl[\frac{1}{2}ln\Bigl( \frac{2m_ec^{2}\gamma^2\beta^2T_{max}}{I^2} \Bigr)-\beta^2-\frac{\delta}{2}\Bigr]\label{eq:bethe1}
\end{equation}

$T_{max}$$B$H$O%,%9J,;RCf$NEE;R$K>WFM$9$k:]$KM?$($k%(%M%k%.!<$,:GBg$N$3$H$G(B
\begin{equation}
T_{max}=\frac{2m_e\beta^2\gamma^2}{1+2\gamma m_e/M+(m_e/M)^2}\label{eq:bethe2}
\end{equation}
$B$GM?$($i$l$k!#(B

\begin{center}
$Z$    : $B86;RHV9f(B

$A$    : $B86;R<ANL?t(B

$N_A$  : $B%"%\%,%I%m?t(B

$r_e$  : $BEE;R$N8EE5H>7B(B

$M$  : $B2YEEN3;R$N<ANL(B

$m_e$ : $BEE;R$N<ANL(B 

$ze$  : $B2YEEN3;R$NEE2Y(B

$I$   : $B<B8zE*%$%*%s2=%]%F%s%7%c%k(B

$\delta$   : $BL)EY8z2L$NJd@59`(B
\end{center}
$B$G$"$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%2.2$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N?6$kIq$$(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N?6$kIq$$(B}\label{energyloss2}
$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$OB.EY$N$_$N4X?t$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
(\ref{eq:bethe1})$B$h$j!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K$O(B$T_{max}$$B$rDL$7$F$N$_2YEEN3;R$N<ANL(B$M$$B$N0MB8@-$,$"$k$,!"(B(\ref{eq:bethe2})$B$NJ,Jl$,(B


\begin{equation}
1+2\gamma m_{e}/M+(m_{e}/M)^2\label{eq:bethe3}
\end{equation}


$B$H$$$&7A$J$N$G!"$=$N0MB8@-$O>.$5$$!#$^$?(B$2\gamma m_e /M\ll 1$$B$H$$$&NN0h$G$O!"(B


\begin{equation}
T_{max}=2m_{e}c^{2}\beta^2\gamma^2\label{eq:bethe4}
\end{equation}


$B$H6a;w$G$-!"(B$M$$B0MB8@-$OL5;k$G$-$k!#$3$N$3$H$+$i!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B$dE/dx$$B$O2YEEN3;R$NB.EY$N$_$N4X?t$H$$$($k!#(B


\begin{equation}
\frac{dE}{dx}=\frac{dE}{dx}(\beta)\label{eq:bethe5}
\end{equation}



$B2YEEN3;R$N<ANL$r(B$M$$B!"1?F0NL$r(B$P$$B$H$9$k$H(B$\beta\gamma=P/Mc$$B$G$"$k$+$i!"F1$81?F0NL$G$b<ANL$,0[$J$l$P%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NBg$-$5$,0[$J$k!#(BCDC$B$G$O!"$3$N$3$H$,N3;R<1JL$KMxMQ$5$l$k!#(B

$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B$dE/dx$$B$N(B$\beta$$B0MB8@-$r$_$k!#$^$:(B$\beta$$B$,>.$5$$NN0h$G$O(B$1/\beta^2$$B$N?6$kIq$$$r<($7!"(B$\beta$$B$,Bg$-$/$J$k$K=>$C$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$O>.$5$/$J$C$F$f$/!#$3$l$O!"B.EY$,B.$/$J$k$3$H$K$h$jAj8_:nMQ$N;~4V$,C;$/$J$k$3$H$+$iA[A|$G$-$k!#$=$7$F(B$\beta\gamma= 3\sim4$$B$G:G>.CM$r$H$k!#!J$3$N:G>.CM$rM?$($kN3;R$N$3$H$r(B minimum ionizing particles $B$H8F$V!#!K$3$l$r2a$.$k$H:#EY$O(B$\beta$$B$H$H$b$K4K$d$+$KA}2C$7$F$f$-!"$d$,$F0lDj$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K6a$E$$$F$f$/!#(B

$B$3$l$O!"2YEEN3;R$NB.EY$,Bg$-$/$J$C$F$/$k$H!"$=$NAjBPO@E*8z2L$N$?$a$K2YEEN3;R$N:n$kEE>l6/EY$,6/$/$J$C$F!"2YEEN3;R$N?JO)$+$i$h$jN%$l$?>l=j$K$"$kJ,;R$rEEN%$9$k$3$H$,=PMh$k$h$&$K$J$k$?$a$G$"$k!#$7$+$7$h$j1s$/$K$"$kJ,;R$rEEN%$9$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$/$k$H!":#EY$O$=$N4V$K$"$kJ,;R$,J,6K$9$k$3$H$GEE>l$,<WJC$5$l$F<e$a$i$l$k8z2L$,8z$-;O$a!"$f$k$d$+$JA}2C$,M^$($i$l$F0lDj$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K6a$E$/!#$3$N8z2L$r<WJC8z2L!JL)EY8z2L!K(B$\delta$$B$H8F$V!#(BFig.\ref{curve}$B$K%"%k%4%s%Y!<%9%,%9Cf$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N?6$kIq$$$r$$$/$D$+$N2YEEN3;R$K$D$$$F%W%m%C%H$7$?$b$N$r<($9!#(B
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. dedxcurve%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm,clip]{dedxcurve.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N1?F0NL0MB8@-!J7W;;CM!K(B}
\label{curve}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
Bethe-Bloch$B$N<0$OJ?6Q%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rI=$7$?$b$N$G$"$k$,!"<B:]$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$O0lDj$G$O$J$/!"$"$kJ,I[$G9-$,$j$r$b$C$F$$$k!#$"$kJ*<A$N8|$5(B$t$$B$r2YEEN3;R$rDL2a$7$?$H$-$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B$E$$B$NJ,I[(B$P(E)$$B$O(B$Landau$$BJ,I[$H$7$F<!<0$GM?$($i$l$k!#(B


\begin{equation}
P(E) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}exp[-\frac{1}{2}(\lambda + exp(-\lambda))]
\end{equation}


$BC"$7(B


\begin{displaymath}
\lambda = \frac{E-E_{prob}}{\xi}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\xi = K\frac{1}{2}\frac{Z}{A}\frac{\rho t}{\beta^2}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
K = 4\pi N_{A}{r_{e}}^2m_{e}c^{2}z^2
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
E_{prob.}=\frac{\alpha t}{\beta^2}\Bigl(ln\frac{m_{e}c^{2}\alpha t}{I^2}+0.891+2ln\beta\gamma-ln\beta^2-\beta^2-\delta\Bigr)\label{eq:mostprob.}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\alpha=K\rho\frac{Z}{A}
\end{displaymath}
\begin{displaymath}
\rho t:$BJ*<A$N8|$5(B~~$BC10L(Bg/cm^2
\end{displaymath}

$B$G$"$k!#(B
$E_{prob.}$$B$O(B$P(E)$$BJ,I[$,(Bpeak$B$H$J$k;~$N(B$E$$B$G!":G$b5/$3$j$d$9$$%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM(B most probable energy loss $B$H8F$P$l$k!#J,I[(B$P(E)$$B$O!"9b$$(B$E$$B$NJ}$K(Btail$B$r$R$/HsBP>N$NJ,I[$H$J$k!#$3$N(Btail$B$OEEN%$G@8$8$?EE;R$G!"9b$$%(%M%k%.!<$r$b$D(B$\delta$$B@~$H$7$F4QB,$5$l$k$b$N$KBP1~$9$k!#(B$E_{prob.}$$B$OA0=R$N(B$Bethe-Bloch$$B$N<0$GI=$5$l$k(B$dE/dx$$B$HF1MM$N(B$\beta$$B0MB8@-$r$b$D!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%2.3$BN3;R<1JL$H%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$BN3;R<1JL$H%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,Dj$NJ,2rG=(B}\label{energyloss3}
$B$3$N$h$&$K2YEEN3;R$NJ*<ACf$G$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$ON3;R$NB.EY(B$\beta$$B$N$_$N4X?t$G$"$k$+$i!"$=$N1?F0NL$H%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NN>J}$rB,Dj$9$k$3$H$G$=$NN3;R$N<ANL!"$9$J$o$AN3;R$N<oN`$r5a$a$k$3$H$,=PMh$k!#Nc$H$7$F(BFig.2.2$B$K$*$$$F!"(B$10GeV/c$$B$N1?F0NL$NN3;R$r$H$k$H!"$=$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$,!!(Bminimum ionizing particle$B$N:G>.CM$r4p=`$K$7$FLs(B1.2$B$G$"$l$P(BK$B!"Ls(B1.4$B$J$i$=$l$O(B$\mu$$B$+(B$\pi$$B$H<1JL=PMh$k!#(B $B$^$?!"3FN3;R$4$H$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N?6$kIq$$$r<($9@~$,8r$o$C$F$$$kItJ,$,$"$k!#$3$NItJ,$N1?F0NLNN0h$G$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,Dj$@$1$G$ON3;R<1JL$,=PMh$J$$$3$H$r0UL#$9$k!#(B


$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$OB,DjJ,2rG=$,$"$k$N$G!"(B \ref{energyloss2} $B$G=R$Y$?$H$*$j!"<B:]$K$O0lDj$G$O$J$/6J@~$K1h$C$FJ,2rG=$N9-$,$j$r$b$C$FJ,I[$7$F$$$k!#=>$C$F!"J,2rG=$KHf$Y$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N:9$,Bg$-$$>l9g$O<1JL2DG=$G$"$k$,!"J,2rG=$KHf$Y$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N:9$,>.$5$$>l9g$O<1JL$,:$Fq$K$J$k!#(B
$B$"$k1?F0NL$G(B2$B$D$N2YEEN3;R$KBP$9$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$r$=$l$>$l(B$(dE/dx)_1$$B!"(B$(dE/dx)_2$$B!"J,2rG=$r(B$\sigma_1$$B!"(B$\sigma_2$$B$H$9$k$H!"(B$((dE/dx)_{1}>(dE/dx)_{2})$


\begin{equation}
T=\frac{(dE/dx)_{1}-(dE/dx)_{2}}{\bar{\sigma}}\label{eq:resolution1}
\end{equation}


\begin{displaymath}
\bar{\sigma}=\frac{\sigma_1+ \sigma_2}{2}
\end{displaymath}


$B$HI=$9$3$NNL(B$T$$B$r!"$=$N1?F0NL$K$*$1$kN3;R<1JLG=NO$rI=$9!#$3$N(B$T$$B$O(B2$B$D$N2YEEN3;R$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N:9$NB,DjJ,2rG=$KBP$9$kHf$G!":9$rJ,2rG=$rC10L$K$7$FB,Dj$7$?$H$$$&0UL#$r;}$D!#(B(\ref{eq:resolution1})$B$+$i$b$o$+$k$h$&$K!"BP>]$H$J$kN3;R$N4V$G$=$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N:9$,Bg$-$$$[$I!"$^$?B,DjJ,2rG=$,$h$$$[$IN3;R<1JLG=NO$O9b$$$H$$$($k!#(B

\ref{energyloss2} $B$G=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"$"$kJ*<A$rDL2a$7$?$H$-$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NJ,I[$OAjBPE*$K9b$$NN0h$K(Btail$B$r$R$/(B$Landau$$BJ,I[$G$"$k!#$3$N$h$&$JJ,I[$N$?$a$K!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,DjE@$O(B1$BE@$@$1$G$O$=$NJ,I[$N9-$,$j$K$h$k8m:9$bBg$-$/!"J,2rG=$b0-$$!#J88%(B~\cite{Allison}$B$K$h$l$PMM!9$J%,%9$K$D$$$F!"(B1$BE@$G%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,Dj$r$7$?$H$-$NJ,I[$N(BFWHM$B$O!"%T!<%/CM$r(B$X_{peak}$$B$H$9$k$H(B


\begin{equation}
\frac{FWHM}{X_{peak}}=81\times \biggl (\frac{\alpha t}{I} \biggr)^{-0.32}~~~\%
\end{equation}


$B$H$J$k!#Nc$($P!"%"%k%4%s(B1cm$B!JI8=`>uBV!K$H$9$k$HI=(B\ref{density}$B$h$j!"(B$\alpha {t = 123~eV}$$B!"(B$I_{Ar} = 188~eV$$B$G$"$k$+$i!"(B


\begin{equation}
\frac{FWHM}{X_{peak}}=93~\%~~~~~$B%"%k%4%s(B1cm~~~$B!JI8=`>uBV!K(B
\end{equation}


$B$H$J$j!"Hs>o$KBg$-$JCM$H$J$k!#$=$3$G(BCDC$B$G$O!"0lHL$K$R$H$D$N2YEEN3;R$NHt@W$K$D$$$F!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NB,Dj$r2?E@$+$G9T$J$$!J%5%s%W%j%s%0$H8F$V!K@:EY$r>e$2$kJ}K!$r$H$k!#(B
$B$H$3$m$,%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NJ,I[$O(BLandau$BJ,I[$G9b$$%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K(Btail$B$r$R$/$N$G!"(B$N_{sample}$$B$r%5%s%W%j%s%0$N?t$H$9$k$H!"$=$N%5%s%W%j%s%0$NJ?6Q$r$H$C$F$b%,%&%9J,I[$K=>$&>l9g$N$h$&$K(B


\begin{equation}
\sigma_{dE/dx} = \frac{1}{2.354}FWHM\frac{1}{\sqrt{N_{sample}}}~~~~~$B!J%,%&%9J,I[$N>l9g!K(B
\end{equation}


$B$H$O$J$i$:!"4|BT$7$?$h$&$JJ,2rG=$OF@$k$3$H$,=PMh$J$$!#$7$+$7!"$3$NJ,I[$N(Btail$B$N1F6A$rMn$9$h$&$JA`:n$r$7$F7W;;$7$?J?6Q$r;H$&$3$H$G$h$$J,2rG=$rF@$k$3$H$,=PMh$k!#$3$NJ?6QA`:n$O(B$N_{sample}$$B8D$NB,DjCM$r>.$5$$=g$K$J$i$Y!">.$5$$J}$+$i$"$k3d9g(B$R_{trunc.}$$B$N?t$N%5%s%W%k$NB,DjCM$r:NMQ$7$FJ?6Q$r$H$k!#$3$N$h$&$JA`:n$r(B''~truncated~mean''$B$H$$$&!#$9$J$o$A!"(B


\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{dE}{dx} \biggr)_{trunc.}\equiv \frac{1}{N_{trunc.}}\sum_{i=1}^{N_{trunc.}}\biggl(\frac{dE}{dx}\biggr) 
\end{equation}


\begin{displaymath}
N_{trunc.} = R_{trunc.}\cdot N_{sample}
\end{displaymath}


\begin{displaymath}
\biggl(\frac{dE}{dx}\biggr)_{i}\le\biggl(\frac{dE}{dx}\biggr)_{i+1}
\end{displaymath}

$B$G$"$k!#$3$NJ?6QA`:n$K$OJ,I[$N(Btail$B$N1F6A$r8:>/$5$;!"(BLandau$BJ,I[$N%T!<%/IU6a$KJ,I[$9$k%G!<%?$r:NMQ$9$k8z2L$,$"$j!"C1=c$JJ?6Q!J(Btruncated~mean$BA`:n$7$J$$$H$-!K$r$H$C$?$H$-$h$j$b$h$$J,2rG=$rF@$k$3$H$,=PMh$k!#:G$bNI$$J,2rG=$rF@$i$l$k3d9g(B$R_{trunc.}$$B$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NJ,I[$N7A$K0MB8$7!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N9b$$J}$X$N(Btail$B$,D9$/$=$N3d9g$,Bg$-$$$[$I!":GE,$J(B$R_{trunc.}$$B$O>.$5$/$J$k!#(B
$B$3$N$h$&$K(B$N_{sample}$$B8D$NB,Dj%5%s%W%k$+$i%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$7$?>l9g$NJ,2rG=$O!"<!$N$h$&$KI=$5$l$k$3$H$,MM!9$J%,%9$N7k2L$+$iF@$i$l$F$$$k!#(B


\begin{equation}
\frac{\sigma}{dE/dx} = \frac{FWHM}{2.354\cdot X_{peak}}N^{-g}\label{eq:resolution1}
\end{equation}


$B$^$?!"%Q%i%a!<%?(B$g$$B$NCM$OJ88%(B~\cite{Okuno}$B$N%G!<%?$K$h$k$H!"(B$g = 0.428$$B$H$$$&CM$H$J$C$F$$$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. density%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm,clip]{density.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B$=$l$>$l$N%,%9$K$D$$$F$N%Q%i%a!<%?(B}
\label{density}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\newpage
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$B#3>O(B $BCf1{Ht@W8!=P4o(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\chapter{CDC$B!JCf1{Ht@W8!=P4o!K(B}\label{CDC}
JLC$B$NEE;RM[EE;R@~7A>WFM7?2CB.4o$N<B83$G:G$b=EMW$JL\I8$N0l$D$H$7$F!"%R%C%0%9N3;R$NH/8+$H8&5f$,5s$2$i$l$k!#$3$NH/8+$N<j$,$+$j$OI8=`M}O@$N9=B$$r>\:Y$KD4$Y$k$3$H$K$h$j!"(B$TeV$$BNN0h$K$"$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$F$$$k!#(BJLC$BB,Dj4o$N0l$D$G$"$k(BJLC-CDC$B$O!"$3$N%R%C%0%9N3;R$NH/8+$K:G$b=EMW$JLr3d$r2L$?$9!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3.1.CDC$B$NLr3d(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\section{CDC$B$NLr3d(B}\label{CDC1}
CDC$B$O%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$G!"B,DjBP>]$O2YEEN3;R$G$"$k!#(BCDC$B$K$O<'>l$,$+$+$C$F$$$F!"2YEEN3;R$NHt@W$O<'>l$K$h$C$F6J$2$i$l!"Mf@{50F;$rIA$/!#$3$NHt@W$r:F9=@.$7$F6JN($rD4$Y$k$3$H$K$h$j!"AGN3;RH?1~$r5-=R$9$kNL$H$7$F7g$+$;$J$$2YEEN3;R$N1?F0NL$r7hDj$9$k!#(B
JLC$B7W2h$O(BTeV$BNN0h$G$N<B83$G$"$k$?$a!"EE;RM[EE;R>WFM$K$h$C$F@8@.!&Jx2u$7$?N3;R$O%8%'%C%H>u$H$J$C$F=P$F$/$k!#$7$?$,$C$F!"(BCDC$B$G$O%8%'%C%H>u$K=P$F$/$k6a@\FsN3;R$NHt@WJ,N%$,:G=EMW2]Bj$H$J$k!#$3$NFsHt@W$r@:EYNI$/:F9=@.$9$k$3$H$G!"%R%C%0%9N3;R$NH/8+$K$D$J$,$kAGN3;RH?1~$r4QB,=PMh$k!#(B

$B$^$?!"(BCDC$B$G$O2YEEN3;R$N1?F0NL$N7hDj$@$1$G$O$J$/!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K$h$kN3;R<1JL$b2DG=$G$"$k!#%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$H$O!"EEN%$G2YEEN3;R$,B,Dj4oCf$G<:$&C10LD9$5Ev$?$j$N%(%M%k%.!<$N$3$H$G$"$k!#(BCDC$B$G$O%A%'%s%P!<Fb$N%,%9J,;R$rEEN%$7$F<:$&C10LD9$5Ev$?$j$N%(%M%k%.!<$KAjEv$9$k!#%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$O!"1?F0NL$N$h$&$KD>@\E*$KH?1~$r5-=R$9$k$?$a$K;H$&CM$G$O$J$$!#(B\ref{energyloss2}$B$G$b=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NBg$-$5$O2YEEN3;R$NB.EY(B$\beta$$B$N4X?t$G$"$k!#(B


\begin{equation}
\frac{dE}{dx} = \frac{dE}{dx}(\beta)
\end{equation}


$B2YEEN3;R$N1?F0NL(B$P$$B!"<ANL(B$M$$B$H$9$k$H!"(B$\beta\gamma = P/Mc$$B$G$"$k$+$i!"1?F0NL$H%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$9$l$PN3;R$N<ANL!"$D$^$jN3;R$N<oN`$rCN$k$3$H$,=PMh$k!#B($A!"(B

\begin{equation}
M = M\bigl(P,\frac{dE}{dx}\bigr)
\end{equation}

$B$G$"$k!#AGN3;RH?1~$r5-=R$9$kNL$H$7$F1?F0NL$O7g$+$;$J$$$,!"$I$N$h$&$JN3;R$G$"$k$+!"$H$$$&>pJs$bI,MW$G$"$k!#(B

$BNc$($P!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$9$k$3$H$G1?F0NL$OF1$8!J6JN(F1$8!K$G$bB.EY$NCY$$!"$H$F$bBg$-$J<ANL$r$b$DN3;R$NH/8+$KLrN)$D$3$H$K$J$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%3.2.$B9=B$(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B9=B$!&%,%9(B}
JLC-CDC$B$G$O6a@\FsN3;R$NHt@WJ,N%$r:F=EMW2]Bj$H$7$F$$$k$?$a!"6a@\FsHt@WJ,N%$KM-8z$G$"$k%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k7?%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$N;HMQ$rM=Dj$7$F$$$k!#(BJLC-CDC$B$GM=Dj$7$F$$$k%;%k9=B$!"5Z$S%;%kFb$NEyEE0L@~$O$=$l$>$l(BFig\ref{cell}$B!"(BFig\ref{baby}$B$N$H$*$j$G$"$k!#(BFig\ref{cell}$B!"(BFig\ref{baby}$B$G<($9$h$&$K!"#18D$N%8%'%C%H%;%k$K$O(B10mm$B4V3V$G(B2$BK\$N%@%_!<$r4^$`(B7$BK\$N%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$,$"$j!"$=$N4V$K$O%]%F%s%7%c%k%o%$%d!<$,D%$i$l$F$$$k!#%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$OD>7B(B$30\mu m$$B6b%a%C%-%?%s%0%9%F%s$G(B+2.5kV$B$NEE05$,$+$1$i$l$k!#%]%F%s%7%c%k%o%$%d!<$O(B$125\mu m$$B$N6b%a%C%-%"%k%_%K%&%`$G!"@\CO$5$l$k!#$^$?!"%]%F%s%7%c%k%o%$%d!<$+$i(B5mm$BN%$l$F%0%j%C%I%o%$%d!<$,D%$i$l!"(B-0.5kV$B$NEE05$,$+$1$i$l$k!#$3$l$OEy%I%j%U%H;~4V@~$N7A$r@0$($k$H$H$b$K@EEE5$NO$K$h$k%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$N0LCV$N$:$l$r>.$5$/$9$kF/$-$,$"$k!#$5$i$KEyEE0L@~7A@.$N$?$a$N%U%#!<%k%I%o%$%d!<$,$"$j!"$=$l$>$l(BFig\ref{baby}$B$G<($9$h$&$JEE05$,$+$1$i$l$k!#(B

$B$^$?!"$3$N%8%'%C%H%;%k$K$*$1$kEE;R$NEy%I%j%U%H;~4V@~(B(Isochronous drift time line~~$B$3$l0J8e!"(BIsochrone$B$H8F$V!#(B) $B$r%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s%W%m%0%i%`(B"GARFIELD"$B$rMQ$$$F7W;;$7$?7k2L$r(BFig.\ref{isochronous}$B$K<($9!#%o%$%d!<$H%o%$%d!<$NCf4VIU6a$G$O!"?^$N$h$&$KEE;R$,$^$o$j9~$s$GE~C#$9$k$?$aE~C#;~4V$,CY$l$k$H$$$&$3$H$,%7%_%e%l!<%7%g%s$K$h$j$o$+$C$F$$$k!#(B

$B<B5!$G$O!"$3$N%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k$rAX>u$K@Q$_=E$M$?%9!<%Q!<%l%$%d!<9=B$$r$H$k!#%9!<%Q!<%l%$%d!<(B1$BAX$N8|$5$r(B$8cm$$B!"AX4V$N4V3V$r(B$5cm$$B$H$9$k$HHt@WD9$r(B$200cm$$B$H$k$H$$$&>r7o$+$iAX$N?t$,7h$^$j!"(B8$BAX$N%"%/%7%c%"%k!&%9!<%Q!<%l%$%d!<$H(B7$BAX$N%9%F%l%*!&%9!<%Q!<%l%$%d!<$N9g7W(B15$BAX$r$H$k$3$H$rM=Dj$7$F$$$k!#(B

JLC-CDC$B$G$O;HMQ$9$k%,%9$H$7$F(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B$rM=Dj$7$F$$$k!#$3$N%,%9$O%I%j%U%HB.EY$,CY$/!"3H;6$,>.$5$$$3$H$+$i6a@\FsN3;R$NHt@WJ,N%$N$?$a$NL\I80LCVJ,2rG=$rF@$k$3$H$KM-8z$J%,%9$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
$B$3$N%,%9$N%,%9A}I}EY$rHfNc7W?t4I$rMQ$$$FB,Dj$7$?7k2L$r(BFig\ref{gasgain}$B$K<($9!#(BJLC-CDC$B$G$OI=LLEE>l(B$287kV/cm$$B$rM=Dj$7$F$*$j!"$=$3$G$OLs(B$2.0\times10^{4}$$B$N%,%9A}I}EY$,F@$i$l$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. gasgain%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=11cm,clip]{gasgain.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%,%9A}I}EY(B}
\label{gasgain}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. cell H.V.%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=12cm]{cellstr-nim.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{mini-jet cell structure}
\label{cell}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm,clip]{cell_electrik.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%o%$%d!<$N0u2CEE05$H%;%kFb$NEyEE0L@~(B}
\label{baby}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm]{garf-dr.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{mini-jet cell$B$NEy%I%j%U%H;~4V@~(B}
\label{isochronous}
\end{figure}


%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%$B#4>O(B $B%S!<%`%F%9%H(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newpage
\chapter{$B%S!<%`%F%9%H(B}\label{beamtest}
$B<B5!$HF1MM$J%8%'%C%H%;%k9=B$$r;}$D%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$K$h$k%S!<%`%F%9%H$r!"9b%(%M%k%.!<2CB.4o8&5f5!9=$NM[;R2CB.4o$N(BT1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$G9T$J$C$?!#(B
%%%%%%%%4.2.1 Test Chamber%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<(B}
\subsection{$B9=B$(B}
$B:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$G;HMQ$7$?%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$O!"<B5!$HF1MM$N%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k9=B$$r;}$C$F$$$k!#$3$N%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$O(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B$K<($9$h$&$K!"=D2#(B$26cm\times27cm$$B!"%o%$%d!<J}8~(B$40cm$$B$NBg$-$5$G$"$j!"(B$7cm\times10cm$$B$N%5%$%:$N(B3$B$D$N%8%'%C%H%;%k$r;}$C$F$$$k!#$^$?!"%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$KD%$i$l$F$"$k%o%$%d!<$O<B5!$G$NA[DjDL$j!"%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$K$D$$$F$OD>7B(B$30\mu m$$B6b%a%C%-%?%s%0%9%F%s$G0u2CEE05(B$+2.5kV$$B!"%U%#!<%k%I%o%$%d!<$O(B$125\mu m$$B$N%"%k%_%K%&%`$G!"$=$l$>$l$N%o%$%d!<$N0u2CEE05$O(BFig\ref{baby}$B$HF1MM$G$"$k!#;HMQ$7$?%,%9$O!"(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9$G$"$k!#(B

$B:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$O(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B$K<($9$h$&$K!"(Bcell1$B!"(Bcell2$B$N%I%j%U%H5wN%(B$2.5cm$$B$N0LCV$KF~<M$7$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#$^$?!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NF~<M3QEY0MB8@-$r8+$k$?$a$K(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B$K<($9J}8~(B$\theta$$B!"(B$\phi$$B$NF~<M3QEY$K$D$$$F$b$=$l$>$lB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$NB,Dj$K$O!";~4V>pJs5Z$SGH9b>pJs$rF1;~$KB,Dj$9$k$3$H$,=PMh$kNS1I@:4o@=$N(BFADC(500MHz,8bit)$B$r;HMQ$7$?!#$J$*!"%S!<%`%F%9%H$G;HMQ$7$?(BFADC$B$O(BTDC$BCM$O(B$1ch3nsec$$B$G$"$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. babycell%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=9cm,clip]{cell.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$N%;%k9=B$(B}
\label{babychamber}
\end{figure}
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%4.2.5 $B%,%97O(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\subsection{$B%,%9%7%9%F%`(B}
$B%,%9%7%9%F%`$r(BFig\ref{gassetup}$B$K<($9!#%,%9$NN.NL$O(B$CO_{2}$($B=cEY(B99.99$\%$)$B$O(B90cc/min$B!"(B$isoC_{4}H_{10}$$B$O(B10cc/min($B=cEY(B99.99$\%$)$B!"7W(B100cc/min$BN.$7$?!#%,%9Cf$K;@AG$dIT=cJ*$,4^$^$l$k>l9g!"%I%j%U%HEE;R$,;@AG$K5[<}$5$l$k$J$I$7$F8!=P?.9f$K;@AG$,1F6A$9$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$F$$$k!#$=$N$?$a!"305$$+$i$N?/F~$rKI$0$?$a$K%9%F%s%l%9%A%e!<%V$rMQ$$!"%,%9%\%s%YCf$N$o$:$+$J;@AG$b<h$j=|$/$?$a$K;@AG%U%#%k%?!<$rDL$7!"%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<Cf$N;@AGNL$r;@AG%b%K%?!<$K$h$C$FB,Dj$7$?!#:#2s$NB,Dj$K$*$1$k;@AGG;EY$OLs(B$30ppm$$B$G$"$k!#$^$?!"%,%9A}I}EY$O29EY!&05NO$b%Q%i%a!<%?$H$J$C$F$$$k$N$G!"%G!<%?2r@O$N:]$KJd@5$K;HMQ$9$k$3$H$,=PMh$k$h$&$K%A%'%s%P!<$N$^$o$j$KG.EEBP$r<h$jIU$1$F29EY$N%b%K%?!<$r9T$J$$!"05NO$O05NO7W$r@_CV$7$F%b%K%?!<$7$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.gas system%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm,clip]{gas_setup.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%,%97O%;%C%H%"%C%W?^(B}
\label{gassetup}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%4.1 beam line%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B%S!<%`%i%$%s(B}
$B:#2s9T$J$C$?%S!<%`%F%9%H$O!"9b%(%M%k%.!<2CB.4o8&5f5!9=$N<B83;\@_$G$"$k(B$PS(12GeV/c$~$BM[;R2CB.4o(B)$B$N(BT1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$G9T$J$C$?!#(B(Fig\ref{beamline}$B!"(B)

12$GeV/c$$B$NM[;R$N0lIt$r<g%j%s%0Fb$KCV$+$l$?6bB0I8E*$K>WFM$5$;!"$=$3$GH/@8$7$?Fs<!N3;R$r!"%+%&%s%?!<%[!<%kFb$N%S!<%`%i%$%s$K0z$-=P$7$F;HMQ$9$k!#(BT1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$O1?F0NL(B$0.5GeV/c$$B$+$i(B$2.0GeV/c$$B$N@5Ii$N(B$\pi$$B!"(B$e$$B!"$=$7$FM[;R$r0z$-=P$9$3$H$,=PMh$k!#:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$GB,Dj$7$?Fs<!N3;R$N%S!<%`6/EY$r(BFig\ref{beamintensity}$B$K<($9!#$3$N%0%i%U$O!"%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$NB>$K@_CV$7$?%+%&%s%?!<$K$h$k%H%j%,!<$+$iN3;R<1JL$r9T$J$$!"$=$l$>$l(B$\pi^{+}$$B!"(B$proton$$B!"(B$e^{+}$$B$N(B10spill$B$N%S!<%`$,%A%'%s%P!<$ND>A0(B$1cm\times1cm$$B$NCGLL@Q$rDL2a$7$??t$r%W%m%C%H$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
Fig\ref{beamintensity}$B$+$i$o$+$k$h$&$K!"(BT1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$G$O1?F0NL$K$h$C$F4QB,$5$l$kN3;R$N3d9g$,JQ2=$9$k!#FC$K(B$1GeV/c$$B$+$i(B$1.5GeV/c$$B$N%S!<%`$N;~$,0lHV6/EY$,6/$/!"(B$e^{+}$$B$O$[$H$s$I4^$^$l$F$$$J$$$3$H$,$o$+$k!#$J$*!"(BT1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$N:F>eN.$K%W%j%;%C%H$5$l$F$$$k%9%j%C%HI}$O(B$2cm$$B$GB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. Beamline%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=12cm,clip]{t1line.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{T$B#1%S!<%`%i%$%s(B}
\label{beamline}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. Beamintensity%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=8cm,clip]{beam_intensity.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{T1$B%S!<%`%i%$%s$N@5$N%S!<%`6/EY(B}
\label{beamintensity}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%4.2 setup%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B%H%j%,!<%+%&%s%?!<$H(BDAQ$B%7%9%F%`(B}
$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$9$k$?$a$K$O!"%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$NB>$K%H%j%,!<?.9f$r=P$9$b$N$dN3;R$N<1JL$r$9$k8!=P4o$,I,MW$G$"$k!#%S!<%`%F%9%H$N%;%C%H%"%C%WG[CV?^$r(BFig\ref{setup}$B$K<($9!#:#2s$N<B83$G$O!"%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$r0LCV%H%j%,!<$HHt9T;~4V$K$h$kN3;R<1JL%H%j%,!<$N$?$a$K(B(TOF1$B!"(BTOF2)$B!"$^$?%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$r(B$e$$B%H%j%,!<$N$?$a$K(B(C1$B!"(BC2)$B!"$5$i$K1t%,%i%9(B(Lead~Glass)$B$b(B$e$$BB,Dj$N$?$a$N%b%K%?!<%+%&%s%?!<$H$7$FMQ$$$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig. setup%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{90}{\includegraphics[height=11cm,clip]{t1line_up.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%;%C%H%"%C%W?^(B}
\label{setup}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%4.2.2 $B%7%s%A(B%%%%%%%%
%
\subsection{$B%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<(B}\label{tofreason}
$B%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$H$O!"J|<M@~(B($B2YEEN3;R$d(B$\gamma$$B@~(B)$B$,$"$?$k$HHyNL$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s8w$rH/$9$kJ*<A(B($B%7%s%A%l!<%?!<(B)$B$rMxMQ$7$FJ|<M@~$r8!=P$9$kAuCV$N$3$H$G$"$k!#2YEEN3;R$,%7%s%A%l!<%?!<$r2#@Z$k$H%(%M%k%.!<$r<:$$!"$=$N0lIt$,%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s8w$H$J$C$FJ|=P$5$l$k!#$=$7$F$=$NHyNL$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s8w$O!"%i%$%H%,%$%I$K$h$C$F8zN(NI$/=8Ls$5$l8wEE;RA}G\4I$KE~C#$7!"8wEE;RA}G\4I$G8wEE8z2L$K$h$j8wEE;R$rH/@8$7!"$=$N8wEE;R$,A}?#$5$l$FEE5$%7%0%J%k$,F@$i$l$k!#(B

$B%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O!"(B4$B$D$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$rMQ$$$?!#(B2$B$D$O(BTOF(Time of Flight)$B$K$h$kN3;R<1JL$N$?$a$K!"$b$&(B2$B$D$OF~<M0LCV8BDj$N$?$a$N%H%j%,!<%+%&%s%?!<$H$7$FMQ$$$?!#$=$l$>$l$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$NG[CV$O(BFig\ref{setup}$B$K<($7$F$"$k$h$&$K!"N3;R<1JLMQ$H$7$FMQ$$$?%7%s%&%s%?!<$O(BTOF1$B!"(BTOF2$B$G!"F~<M0LCV8BDj$N$?$a$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$O(BTC1$B!"(BTC2$B$G$"$k!#$=$l$>$l$NBg$-$5$OI=(B\ref{size}$B$N$H$*$j$G$"$k!#(B


%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$BI=(B $B%7%s%A%5%$%:(B%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\\ \hline
 $B%+%&%s%?!<L>(B            &    $BBg$-$5(B($B=D!_2#!_8|$5(B) \\ \hline
 TOF1                    & 6cm${\times}$6cm${\times}$5mm \\
 TOF2                    & 6cm${\times}$6cm${\times}$1cm \\
 TC1                     & 3cm${\times}$3cm${\times}$5mm \\
 TC2                     & 1cm${\times}$1cm${\times}$5mm \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$B%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$N%5%$%:(B]{$B%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$N%5%$%:(B}
 \label{size}
\end{table}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
TOF$B%+%&%s%?!<$O!"(BFig\ref{setup}$B$K$*$1$k(B$TOF1 \sim TOF2$$B$N4VLs(B$8m$$B$N5wN%$rN3;R$,DL2a$9$k$N$KHq$d$7$?;~4V$K$h$C$F(B$proton$$B$H(B$\pi$$B$NN3;R<1JL$r9T$J$&$?$a$K@_CV$7$?!#(B

$B0[$J$k<ANL(B$m_1$$B$H(B$m_2$$B$r;}$DFs$D$NN3;R$NHt9T;~4V:9(B$\Delta t$$B$ON3;R$N1?F0NL$,N>J}$H$b(B$p$$B$N$H$-(B


\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta t &=& t_2 - t_1 \nonumber \\
&=& L\biggl(\frac{1}{v_2}-\frac{1}{v_1}\biggr) \nonumber \\
&=& L\biggl(\frac{1}{\beta_2}-\frac{1}{\beta_1}\biggr)\frac{1}{c} \nonumber \\
&=& L\biggl(\frac{E_2}{p}-\frac{E_1}{p}\biggr) \frac{1}{c^2}\nonumber \\
&=& \frac{L}{c^2}\Biggl(\frac{1}{p}\biggl((({m_2}{c^{2}})^2+(pc)^2)^{1/2}-(({m_1c^2)}^{2}+(pc)^2)^{1/2}\biggr)\Biggr)\label{eq:tofformula} 
\end{eqnarray}
$B$H$J$k!#$h$C$F<0(B(\ref{eq:tofformula})$B$+$i!"(BTOF1$B$H(BTOF2$B$N4VLs(B8m$B$N5wN%$rDL2a$9$k;~$K$+$+$k(Bproton$B$H(B$\pi$$B$NHt9T;~4V5Z$S$=$N:9$O!"(B$m_{\pi}c^2=139.56MeV$$B!"(B$m_{proton}c^2=938.28MeV$$B!"(B $L=8m$$B$h$j!"(BFig.\ref{tofdiff}$B$H$J$k!#:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O!"$3$N(BTOF$B$rB,Dj$7$?$N$OFs$D$NL\E*$,$"$k!#0l$D$O!"%*%U%i%$%s2r@O$N0Y$NN3;R<1JL>pJs$rB,Dj$9$k$?$a!"$b$&0l$D$O%*%s%i%$%s$G(BTOF$B$K$h$kB,Dj$9$k2YEEN3;R$N8BDj$,=PMh$k%m%8%C%/$rAH$_!"B,Dj$r9T$J$&$?$a$G$"$k!#(B

$B$=$N%V%m%C%/%@%$%"%0%i%`$O(B\ref{daq}$B$G@bL@$9$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.TOF difference%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=9cm,clip]{pro_pai_sep.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{${\pi}$$B$H(B$proton$$B$NHt9T;~4V(B$(8m)$}
\label{tofdiff}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4.2.3 $B%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U(B%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\subsection{$B%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<(B}\label{cherenkovreason}
$B%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$O!"%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M$rMxMQ$7$FEE;R$J$I$N9bB.2YEEN3;R$r8!=P$9$kAuCV$G$"$k!#%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M$N@-<A$+$i!"6~@^N((B$n$$B$NJ*<A$rMQ$$$F%A%'%l%s%3%U!&%+%&%s%?!<$r$D$/$k$H!"(B$c/n(c$$B$O??6uCf$N8wB.EY(B)$B$h$jB.$$B.EY$r$b$D2YEEN3;R$r8!=P$G$-$k!#%A%'%l%s%3%U!&%+%&%s%?!<$G$O!"N3;R$NJ|=P$9$k8w$r4QB,$9$k$N$G!";H$o$l$kJ*<A$O8w$KBP$7$FF)L@$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#$I$N$h$&$JJ*<A$r;H$&$+$O!"B,Dj$9$kN3;R$NB.EY$K$h$C$F7h$^$k!#%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$KDL>o$h$/MxMQ$5$l$F$$$kJ*<A$rI=(B\ref{n}$B$K<($9!#IaDL!"(B$n=1.3 \sim 2.0$$B$NJ*<A$H$7$F!"?e!"%,%i%9!"%W%i%9%A%C%/$J$I$,MQ$$$i$l$k$,!":#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$N$h$&$K8wB.EY$K6a$$N3;R(B(ex.~$BEE;R(B)$B$r8!=P$9$k;~$K$O!"(B$n$$B$,(B1$B$K6a$$5$BN$,MQ$$$i$l$k!#FC$K5$BN$O05NO$rJQ$($k$H(B$n$$B$NCM$,JQ$($i$l$k$N$GJXMx$G$"$k(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$BI=(B $B6~@^N((B%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\hline\hline
 $BJ*<A(B            &                $n-1$ \\ \hline
 $B%,%i%9(B                         & 0.46-0.75 \\
 $B%7%s%A%l!<%?!<(B($B%H%k%(%s(B)       & 0.58 \\
 $B%W%l%-%7%,%i%9(B($B%"%/%j%k(B)       & 0.48 \\
 $B?e(B                             & 0.33 \\
 $B%(%"%m%2%k(B                     & 0.025-0.075 \\
 $B%Z%s%?%s(B($BI8=`>uBV(B)             & $1.7\times10^{-3}$ \\
 $CO_{2}$($BI8=`>uBV(B)             & $4.3\times10^{-4}$ \\
 He($BI8=`>uBV(B)                   & $3.3\times10^{-5}$ \\ \hline\hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$BJ*<A$N6~@^N((B]{$BJ*<A$N6~@^N((B}
 \label{n}
\end{table}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

$B%S!<%`%F%9%H$G%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$r;HMQ$7$?L\E*$O!"(B$\pi$$B$H(B$e$$B$rJ,N%$9$k$3$H$K$"$k!#$h$C$F!"%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$K;HMQ$9$k%,%9$N6~@^N((Bn$B$,(B$\pi$$B$G$O%A%'%l%s%3%U8w$rH/$7$J$$$b$N$G$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(BFig\ref{cherenkov}$B$K7W;;$K$h$C$F5a$a$?$=$l$>$l$N1?F0NL$K$*$1$k(B$\pi$$B$H(B$e$$B$N8w$H$NAjBPB.EY$r<($9!#$3$N7W;;$K$h$j!"8w$H$NAjBPB.EY$,(B$99.8\%$$B$G%A%'%l%s%3%U8w$rH/$9$k6~@^N((B$n=1.002$$B$h$j>.$5$$%,%9$r;HMQ$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#$h$C$F6~@^N((B$n\cong1.0004$$B$G$"$k(B$CO_2$$B$rMQ$$$?!#$^$?!"$3$N6~@^N($O05NO$KHfNc4X78$K$"$j6~@^N($,Bg$-$/$J$k$H%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M8w$,H/8w$7$d$9$/$J$k$3$H$+$i!"%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O(B$\pi$$B$,H/8w$7$J$$05NO(B3$B5$05$K@_Dj$7!"B,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.cherenkov difference%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[thb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=9cm,clip]{cherenkov.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{${\pi}$$B$H(B$e$$B$N8w$H$NAjBPB.EY(B$\beta$}
\label{cherenkov}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%4.2.4 $B1t%,%i%9(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\subsection{$B1t%,%i%9(B}\label{pbgreason}
$B1t%,%i%9$O%+%m%j!<%a!<%?$N0l<o$G$"$k!#9b%(%M%k%.!<N3;R$K$h$k%+%9%1!<%I%7%c%o!<$OJ*<ACf$GH/C#$7$-$k$H!"Fs<!2YEEN3;R$K$h$kEEN%$^$?$OJ,;RNe5/$NAmNL$,J?6Q$H$7$FF~<M%(%M%k%.!<$KHfNc$9$k$h$&$K$J$k!#$=$3$G%7%c%o!<$rA4It5[<}=PMh$k$@$18|$$J*<A$G!#$=$3$G$NEEN%NL$d%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s8wNL$rB,$k5!G=$r;}$A!"F~<M%(%M%k%.!<$r5a$a$k$3$H$K;H$o$l$kB,Dj4o$r%+%m%j!<%a!<%?!"$^$?$OA45[<}%7%c%o!<%+%&%s%?!<$H$h$V!#(B
$B1t%,%i%9$O%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$HF1MM$K%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M8w$rB,$k$b$N$G!"EE;R$J$I$N8wB.EY$K6a$$J*<A$[$I$h$jB?$/$N%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M8w$rH/$9$k!#%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O!"EE;R$N%$%Y%s%H$r@53N$KB,Dj$7$F$$$k$+$I$&$+3NG'$r9T$J$&$?$a$N%b%K%?!<MQ%+%&%s%?!<$H$7$F@_CV$7$?!#(B

%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4.2.6 $B%(%l%/%H%m%K%/%9$H%G!<%?<}=8%7%9%F%`(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\subsection{DAQ$B%7%9%F%`(B}\label{daq}
$B%G!<%?<}=8$N$?$a$N%V%m%C%/%@%$%"%0%i%`$r(BFig\ref{logic}$B$K<($9!#:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O%*%s%i%$%s$G!"B,Dj$9$k2YEEN3;R$N<oN`$r8BDj$9$k$H$$$&J}K!$r$H$C$?!#(B

$B$=$l$>$l$NN3;R$N%$%Y%s%H%H%j%,!<$O<!$N$h$&$JJ}K!$G:n$j!"(BFADC$B!"(BADC$B$N%2!<%H?.9f$d(BTDC$B$X$N%9%?!<%H!&%9%H%C%W?.9f$N$b$H$N$J$k%?%$%_%s%0?.9f$H$7$?!#(B
\subsubsection{$BM[;R%$%Y%s%H(B}
\begin{itemize}
\item TC1$B!"(BTC2$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%A%'%s%P!<$NN3;RB,DjNN0h$r8BDj(B
\item TOF1$B$H(BTOF2(22nsec~Delay)$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j(BTOF$B$K$h$kM[;R$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj(B
\item C1$B$H(BC2$B$N(B$\overline{OUT}$$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U$K$h$kEE;R$G$O$J$$%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj(B
\end{itemize}
$B$3$N;0$D$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j!"M[;R$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj$7$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B

\subsubsection{$\pi$$B%$%Y%s%H(B}
\begin{itemize}
\item TC1$B!"(BTC2$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%A%'%s%P!<$NN3;RB,DjNN0h$r8BDj(B
\item TOF1$B$H(BTOF2(36nsec~Delay)$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j(BTOF$B$K$h$k(B$\pi$$B$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj(B
\item C1$B$H(BC2$B$N(B$\overline{OUT}$$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U$K$h$kEE;R$G$O$J$$%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj(B
\end{itemize}
$B$3$N;0$D$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j!"(B$\pi$$B$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj$7$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B

\subsubsection{$e$$B%$%Y%s%H(B}
\begin{itemize}
\item TC1$B!"(BTC2$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%A%'%s%P!<$NN3;RB,DjNN0h$r8BDj(B
\item C1$B$H(BC2$B$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U$K$h$kEE;R$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj(B
\end{itemize}
$B$3$NFs$D$N(Bcoincidence$B$r$H$k$3$H$K$h$j!"(Be$B$N%$%Y%s%H$r8BDj$7$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#$^$?!"(BTOF1$B!"(BTOF2$B$NHt9T;~4V$K$h$k(Bcoincidence$B$O(Boff$B$K$7$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B

\subsubsection{}
$BN3;R<1JLMQB,Dj4o$H$7$F@_CV$7$?%+%&%s%?!<$G$"$k(B4$B$D$N%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<(B(TOF1$B!"(BTOF2$B!"(BTC1$B!"(BTC2)$B!"5Z$S(B2$B$D$N%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$O$3$N$h$&$J%H%j%,!<?.9f$r:n$k$@$1$G$O$J$/!"$=$l$>$l$N%b%8%e!<%k$G%+%&%s%?!<$N?.9f$rJ,3d$7$F(BTOF1$B!"(BTOF2$B$K$D$$$F$O(BTDC$B$G;~4VB,Dj5Z$S(BADC$B$GGH9bB,Dj$r!"(BTC1$B!"(BTC2$B!"(BC1$B!"(BC2$B!"(BPbg$B$K$D$$$F$O(BADC$B$GGH9bB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B
$B;HMQ$7$?(BADC$B$O(BLeCroy$B<R$N(BCAMAC~ADC2249W(11$B%S%C%H(B)$B!"(BTDC$B$O(BLeCroy$B$N(BCAMAC~TDC($BJ,2rG=(B42.5psec)$B$G$"$k!#(B
$B%G!<%?<}=8$K$OK\3X@8$NNkLZ5A=($N3+H/$7$?(BDAQ$B%W%m%0%i%`$rMQ$$$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#$3$N(BDAQ$B%W%m%0%i%`$N>\$7$$2r@b$OJ88%(B\cite{suzuki}$B$K7G:\$5$l$F$$$k!#(B
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.logic%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{90}{\includegraphics[height=15cm,clip]{logic.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$B%V%m%C%/%@%$%"%0%i%`(B}
\label{logic}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%4.3 $BB,Dj%Q%i%a!<%?(B%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$BB,Dj%Q%i!<%a!<%?(B}
$B%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NB,Dj$9$kN3;R$N<oN`!&1?F0NL!"%A%'%s%P!<$NF0:n%Q%i%a!<%?$N0MB8@-$rD4$Y$k$?$a$K!"I=(B\ref{parameter}$B$K5s$2$k$5$^$6$^$JB,Dj%Q%i%a!<%?!<$G<B83$r9T$J$C$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$BI=(B $BB,Dj%Q%i%a!<%?(B%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}\hline
 $B1?F0NL(B($GeV/c$)    & $BF~<M3QEY(B(${}^{\circ}$)            & $BB,DjN3;R(B           \\ \hline
 0.5 $\sim$ 2.0 & $\theta$ = 0,15,30        & $proton$,$\pi^{+}$   \\
 0.6 $\sim$ 0.8 & $\theta$ = 0,15,30        & $e^{+}$            \\
 1.0            & $\phi$ = 10,18            & $proton$,$\pi^{+}$   \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$BB,Dj%Q%i%a!<%?(B]{$B<B83%G!<%?$rB,Dj$7$?%Q%i%a!<%?!#$=$l$>$l$NN3;R$NB,Dj$O(B\ref{daq}$B$K5-$7$?%H%j%,!<$GB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B}
 \label{parameter}
\end{table}%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%

$BB,Dj$N%Q%i%a!<%?$O!"%S!<%`$N1?F0NL!"<oN`!"%S!<%`$N%A%'%s%P!<$KBP$9$kF~<M3QEY$G$"$k!#%S!<%`$N1?F0NL$O!"(B$0.5GeV/c \sim 2.0GeV/c$$B$^$GJQ2=$5$;$?!#$3$l$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N1?F0NL5Z$S(B$\beta\gamma$$B0MB8@-$rB,Dj$7!"%A%'%s%P!<$NN3;R<1JLG=NO$rD4$Y$k$?$a$G$"$k!#F~<M3QEY$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N%;%k$r2#@Z$C$?5wN%$KBP$9$k0MB8@-!"5Z$S6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A!"$5$i$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$N3QEY0MB8@-$rD4$Y$k$?$a$KJQ2=$5$;$FB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5$B>O(B $B2r@OJ}K!(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\chapter{$B2r@OJ}K!(B}


$BBh(B\ref{beamtest}$B>O$G2r@b$7$?J}K!$GB,Dj$7$?%G!<%?$N2r@OJ}K!$r$3$3$G@bL@$9$k!#(B

\section{$B%*%U%i%$%s%W%m%0%i%`(B}
$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,Dj$O%A%'%s%P!<$N3F%o%$%d!<$+$i$N?.9f$NBg$-$5$NB,Dj$N$b$H$K9T$J$&!#:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O(BFADC$B$rMQ$$$F%G!<%?$NB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?$?$a!"0lEY$K$=$N?.9f$NBg$-$55Z$S;~4V>pJs$,5-21$5$l$k!#$^$?$=$NB>$K?.9f$NDL$C$?%;%k5Z$S%o%$%d!<$NHV9f$N>pJs$b5-21$5$l$F$$$k!#$h$C$F!"%*%U%i%$%s%W%m%0%i%`$K$h$j%$%Y%s%H$rFI$_9~$a$P!"$=$N%$%Y%s%H$N$=$l$>$l$N%o%$%d!<$K$h$C$F8!=P$5$l$??.9f$NBg$-$55Z$S%I%j%U%H;~4V!J(B=$B%I%j%U%H5wN%(B)$B$,J,$+$k!#(BFig\ref{track}$B$KBeI=E*$J%$%Y%s%H!J(BTrack)$B$r<($9!#>e$+$i(B5$B$D$N?.9f$O(BCell1$B$N(Bwire1$\sim$wire5$B!";D$j(B5$B$D$O(BCell2$B$N(Bwire6$\sim$wire10$B$G$"$k!#(B(Cell$B5Z$S(Bwire$B$NG[CV$O(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B;2>H(B)$B$3$N$=$l$>$l$N%o%$%d!<$K$*$$$F8!=P$5$l$??.9f$N(BADC$BCM$r@QJ,$7$?CM$rEE2Y$H$7!"$3$l$r%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$H$7$?!#(B
$B$3$N2r@O$K$O(BJLC-CDC$B%0%k!<%W$,6&DL$G;HMQ$7$F$$$k%*%U%i%$%s%W%m%0%i%`$r!":#2s$NB,Dj$N2r@OMQ$KFC2=$5$;$F2r@O$r9T$J$C$?!#(B

$B$^$?!"(BFADC$B$N(BADC$BCM$O3F%A%c%s%M%k$N%Z%G%9%?%k!"5Z$SFI$_$@$72sO)$NA}I}EY$J$I$r>h$8$?$b$N$G$"$k$+$i!"@5$7$/%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$r5a$a$k$K$O$3$l$i$N%A%c%s%M%kKh$N$P$i$D$-$K$h$kB,DjCM$N$P$i$D$-$r=|$/$?$a$NA}I}EYJd@5$,I,MW$G$"$k!#$3$NA}I}EYJd@5$N$?$a$K9T$J$C$?<j=g$r%Z%G%9%?%k!"2sO)$NA}I}EYJd@5$=$l$>$l$K$D$$$F@bL@$9$k!#(B
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.logic%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=12cm,clip]{run1238.evt00005.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{$BBeI=E*$J2YEEN3;R(BTrack($B2#<4(B:TDC$B!!=D<4(B:ADC)}
\label{track}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{$B%Z%G%9%?%k(B}
\begin{itemize}
\item $B$"$k0lDj$N4V3V$G%Z%G%9%?%kB,Dj$r$O$5$_!"$=$N$H$C$?%G!<%?$+$i3F%A%c%s%M%k(B($B3F(Bwire)$B$N%Z%G%9%?%k$r5a$a$k!#(B(ADC$B$N3F%A%c%s%M%k$NJ,I[$r:n$j!"$=$NJ,I[$r%,%&%9J,I[$G%U%#%C%H$7$?J?6QCM$r%Z%G%9%?%k$H$9$k!#(B)
\item $B%*%U%i%$%s%W%m%0%i%`$G$O!"$3$N%Z%G%9%?%k$r:9$70z$$$?$b$N$r2r@O$G;HMQ$9$k%G!<%?$H$7$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$J$I$r7W;;$7$F$$$k!#(B
\end{itemize}
$B0J2<$G$OFC$KCG$i$J$$8B$j!"(BADC$B$H$O%Z%G%9%?%k$r:9$70z$$$?(BADC$B$NCM$r<($9!#(B

\section{$BFI$_=P$72sO)A}I}EYJd@5(B}
\begin{itemize}
\item $B3F%A%c%s%M%k$G8!=P$5$l$?%S!<%`F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$N?.9f$N(BADC$B@QJ,CM$NJ,I[$r:n$k!#(B
\item $B$3$NJ,I[$N(Bpeak$B$H$J$k(BADC$B$NCM$r3F%A%c%s%M%k$4$H$K5a$a$k!#$3$NJ?6QCM$KBP$7$F$NHf$N5U?t$rA}I}EYJd@578?t$H$9$k!#(B
\end{itemize}
$B:#2s$O!"%S!<%`F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$N(B$\pi^{+}$$B$N%$%Y%s%H$rMQ$$$F(BADC$B@QJ,CM(B($B0J2<!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$H8F$V!#(B)$B$NJ,I[$r$D$/$j!"3F%A%c%s%M%k$N(Bpeak$BCM$r5a$a$FJd@578?t$r5a$a$?!#(BFig\ref{track}$B$KFI$_=P$72sO)A}I}EYA0$N3F%o%$%d!<#1K\$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CMJ,I[$r<($9!#(B

$B$3$NA}I}EYJd@578?t$r3F%A%c%s%M%k$N(BADC$BCM$K>h$:$k$3$H$G!"FI$_=P$72sO)$NA}I}EY$NJd@5$r9T$C$F$$$k!#(B
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.logic%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{90}{\includegraphics[height=12.5cm,clip]{jsf_amp.crct.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{Cell1$B$N3F%o%$%d!<$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B(ADC$B@QJ,CM(B)$BJ,I[(B}
\label{track}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%$B7k2L$*$h$S9M;!(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\chapter{$B7k2L$*$h$S9M;!(B}
\section{$B%+%&%s%?!<7O(B}
$B%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$GB,Dj$7$F$$$kN3;R$,2?$G$"$k$+!"%m%8%C%/$GB,Dj$7$?$$N3;R$r@53N$KA*Br=PMh$F$$$k$+!"$H$$$&$3$H$r%b%K%?%j%s%0$9$k$?$a$K@_CV$7$?%+%&%s%?!<$NB,Dj7k2L$r0J2<$K<($9!#(B
\subsection{$B%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<(B(TOF$B%+%&%s%?!<(B)}
\ref{tofreason}$B$G=R$Y$?L\E*$N$?$a@_CV$7$?%7%s%A%l!<%7%g%s%+%&%s%?!<$NB,Dj7k2L$NBeI=E*$J$b$N$r(B\ref{TOF}$B$K<($9!#$3$N?^$O%S!<%`1?F0NL(B$1.0GeV/c$$B$K$*$1$k(B$\pi$$B$H(B$proton$$B$N(BTOF$B$NJ,I[$G$"$k!#$3$NB,Dj7k2L$H(B\ref{tofreason}$B$K5-$7$?7W;;J}K!$G5a$a$?(B$1GeV/c$$B$G$N(B$\pi$$B$H(B$proton$$B$N(BTOF$B$N:9$HHf3S$7$F$_$k!#(BFig.\ref{TOF}$B$K<($9$h$&$K!"(B$\pi$$B$H(B$proton$$B$N(BTOF$B$N:9$O(BTDC$BCM$GLs(B220count$B$G$"$k$HB,Dj$G$-$?!#%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O!"$3$N(BTOF$B$NB,Dj$rJ,2rG=(B$42.5psec$$B$N(BTDC$B$rMQ$$$F9T$J$C$?$?$a!"$3$l$r;~4V:9$K$J$*$9$HLs(B$9.4nsec$$B$G$"$k!#$3$l$O!"(BFig.\ref{tofdiff}$B$N7W;;7k2L$HNI$/0lCW$7$F$$$k!#(B


\subsection{$B%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<(B}
\ref{cherenkovreason}$B$G=R$Y$?L\E*$N$?$a$K@_CV$7$?%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$K$h$kB,Dj7k2L$NBeI=E*$J$b$N$r(BFig.\ref{cherenkovpi}$B!"(BFig.\ref{cherenkove}$B$K<($9!#B,DjBP>]N3;R$O$=$l$>$l!"(BFig.\ref{cherenkovpi}$B$O(B$\pi^{+}$$B!"(BFig.\ref{cherenkove}$B$O(B$e^{+}$$B$G$"$k!#%S!<%`1?F0NL$O$I$A$i$H$b(B$1.0GeV/c$$B$G$"$k!#$3$N7k2L$h$j(B$e^{+}$$B$G$O!"(B$\pi^{+}$$B$G$N%Z%G%9%?%k$N%T!<%/$h$j$b9b$$$H$3$m$K%T!<%/$,$"$k$N$,$o$+$k!#$h$C$F!"$3$l$O(B$e^{+}$$B$N%S!<%`$,%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U%+%&%s%?!<$KF~<M$7$?;~$N$_!"%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M$,5/$-$F$$$k$3$H$r<($9!#(B

\subsection{$B1t%,%i%9(B}
\ref{pbgreason}$B$G=R$Y$?L\E*$N$?$a$K@_CV$7$?1t%,%i%9$K$h$kB,Dj7k2L$NBeI=E*$J$b$N$r(BFig.\ref{pbgpi}$B!"(BFig.\ref{pbge}$B$K<($9!#B,DjBP>]N3;R$O$=$l$>$l!"(BFig.\ref{pbgpi}$B$O(B$\pi^{+}$$B!"(BFig.\ref{pbge}$B$O(B$e^{+}$$B$G$"$k!#%S!<%`1?F0NL$O$I$A$i$H$b(B$1.0GeV/c$$B$G$"$k!#1t%,%i%9$N6~@^N($,Bg$-$$$3$H$K$h$j(B$\pi^{+}$$B$G$b%A%'%l%s%3%UJ|<M$,5/$-!"$=$l$,4QB,$5$l$F$$$k!#$7$+$7!"(B$e^{+}$$B$N?.9f$O(B$\pi^{+}$$B$N?.9f$HJ,N%$G$-$k9b$5$K%T!<%/$,$"$k$?$a!"(B$e^{+}$$B%$%Y%s%H!"(B$\pi^{+}$$B%$%Y%s%H$NJ,N%$O==J,=PMh$?!#(B
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.TOF%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=12.5cm,clip]{tof_1gev_p_pi.eps}}
\end{center}
\caption{TOF$B$K$h$kN3;R<1JL(B}
\label{TOF}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.$B%A%'%l%s%3%U(B%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}{.50\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{cherenkov_1gevpi.eps}
\caption{$B%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U$NB,Dj7k2L(B($\pi^{+}$)}
\label{cherenkovpi}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.50\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{cherenkov_1geve.eps}
\caption{$B%,%9%A%'%l%s%3%U$NB,Dj7k2L(B($e^{+}$)}
\label{cherenkove}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.Pbg%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}{.50\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pbg_1gev_pi.eps}
\caption{$B1t%,%i%9$NB,Dj7k2L(B($\pi^{+}$)}
\label{pbgpi}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.50\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{pbg_1gev_e.eps}
\caption{$B1t%,%i%9$NB,Dj7k2L(B($e^{+}$)}
\label{pbge}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\section{$B%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$N8!=P?.9f(B}\label{chamberpulse}
$BF~<M3QEY(B$\theta$($B3QEY$NDj5A$K$D$$$F$O(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B;2>H(B)$B$K$*$$$F8!=P$5$l$?%S!<%`1?F0NL(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$N?.9fGH7A$NJ?6Q$r(BFig\ref{pulseav.theta}$B$K<($9!#(B$\theta~=~30^{\circ}$$B$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$\cos\theta$$B$G(BNormalize$B$7!"%Q%k%9GH7A$N:GBgEE05CM$rF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$K5,3J2=$7$F$"$k!#(B

$B2#<4$O(BFADC$B$N(BTime Slot$B$G(B$1ch3nsec$$B!"=D<4$O(BADC$BCM$G(B$1ch4mV$$B$G$"$k!#$3$N(BFig.$B$+$i!"8!=P$7$??.9f$NJ?6Q$OEE05CMLs(B$300mV$$B$N;~4VI}Ls(B$600nsec$$B$G$"$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#$^$?!"F~<M3QEY$K$+$+$o$i$:?.9f$O(Btail$B$r0z$$$F$$$k$N$,$o$+$k!#$3$l$O!"(BFig.\ref{isochronous}$B$KEy%I%j%U%H;~4V@~$r<($7$F$"$k$h$&$K!"%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$H%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$NCf4VIU6a$NEE;R$O%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$K$^$o$j9~$s$GE~C#$9$k$?$aE~C#;~4V$,CY$l$k!#$3$NCY$l$FMh$?EE;R$,!"(Btail$B$r0z$/$h$&$J?.9fGH7A$H$J$k$3$H$K1F6A$7$F$$$k$3$H$,9M$($i$l$k!#(B

$B$^$?!"$3$N(Btail$B$NEE05CM$O3QEY(B$\theta~=~30^{\circ}$$B$NJ}$,Bg$-$/$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$,$o$+$k!#$3$l$O!"EE;R$J$@$l$,L)=8$7$F5/$3$k$3$H$K$h$k6u4VEE2YEE3&$N1F6A$,5/$-$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#3QEY(B$\theta$$B$rBg$-$/$J$k$H(BFig.\ref{driftline}$B$K<($9$h$&$JM}M3$+$i!"EE;R72(B(Avalanche)$B$NE~C#0LCV$,3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$KHf$Y$F9-$,$k!#$3$l$K$h$j!"%o%$%d!<$H%o%$%d!<$NCf4VIU6a$K=PMh$?EE;R$,%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$K$^$o$j$3$s$GE~C#$9$k0LCV$O!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$ = $0^{\circ}$$B$G$O!"@h$KE~C#$7$?EE;R72$,:n$C$?M[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$?!"6u4VEE2YEE3&$N1F6A$r<u$1$k0LCV$J$N$KBP$7!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$ = $30^{\circ}$$B$G$O$=$N1F6A$,Hf3SE*>/$J$$0LCV$KE~C#$9$k!#$3$N$3$H$+$i!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$ = $30^{\circ}$$B$G$O$^$o$j$3$s$G$-$?EE;R$,6u4VEE2YEE3&$N1F6A$rHf3SE*<u$1$:$K%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$KE~C#$9$k$3$H$+$i!"(B$\theta=0^{\circ}$$B$KHf$Y$F(Btail$B$NEE05CM$,9b$/$J$C$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B


$BF~<M3QEY(B$\phi$($B3QEY$NDj5A$K$D$$$F$O(BFig\ref{babychamber}$B;2>H(B)$B$K$*$$$F8!=P$5$l$?%S!<%`1?F0NL(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$N?.9fGH7A$NJ?6Q$r(BFig\ref{pulseav.phi}$B$K<($9!#(B$\phi~=~10^{\circ}$B!"(B18^{\circ}$$B$K$D$$$F$O!"(B$\cos\phi$$B$G(BNormalize$B$7!"%Q%k%9GH7A$N:GBgEE05CM$rF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$K5,3J2=$7$F$"$k!#(BFig\ref{pulseav.phi}$B$K$*$$$F!"3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$k$H%Q%k%9GH7A$N(Btail$B$NEE05CM$,>.$5$/$J$C$F$$$k$3$H$,$o$+$k!#$3$l$O!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$$B$N;~$N8z2L$HA4$/5U$N4X78$G$"$k!#$3$l$OF~<M3QEY(B$\phi$$B$H(B$\theta$$B$H$N6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$N0c$$$,$h$/8=$l$F$$$k!#(B
$BF~<M3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$l$P$=$l$KH<$C$F3F%;%k5Z$S%o%$%d!<$KBP$9$kHt@W$N5wN%$bD9$/$J$k!#$h$C$F2YEEN3;R$,%;%k$KMn$H$9%(%M%k%.!<$b5wN%$KHfNc$7$FB?$/$J$j!"%$%*%s2=$K$h$C$F$G$-$k=i4|EE;R$bB?$/$J$k!#F~<M3QEY$,(B$\theta$$B$N>l9g$O!"$3$NEE;R$N?t$,B?$/$J$jEE;R@cJx$,$h$jL)=8$7$?>uBV$G5/$-$h$&$H$bF~<MEE;R$,%;%s%9%o%$%d!<J}8~$K9-$,$C$F$$$k$?$aCY$l$FE~C#$9$kEE;R$NE~C#0LCV$O!"(BFig.\ref{driftline}$B$N$h$&$KJ,;6$7$F$$$FHf3SE*1F6A$O<u$1$J$+$C$?!#$7$+$7!"F~<M3QEY(B$\phi$$BJ}8~$O(BFig.\ref{spacecharge_phi}$B$K<($9$h$&$K5wN%$KHfNc$7$F=i4|EE;R$N?t$OB?$/$J$k$@$1$G!"(B$\theta$$BJ}8~$N$h$&$JEE;R$NE~C#0LCV$,J,;6$9$kJ}8~$G$O$J$$!#$h$C$F!"F~<M3QEY(B$\phi$$BJ}8~$G$O!"3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$k$H(BIsochrone$B$K$h$jCY$l$FE~C#$9$kEE;R$O6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$r<u$1$k0LCV$KE~C#$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$h$C$FF~<M3QEY(B$\phi$$B$,Bg$-$/$J$k$H3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$k$[$I=i4|EE;R$N?t$,A}$(!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$bA}$9$3$H$+$i!"CY$l$F%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$KE~C#$7$?EE;R$,:n$k(Btail$B$NItJ,$NEE05CM$,>.$5$/$J$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
\clearpage
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.pulse avarage theta%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=12cm,clip]{pulseav_pi_theta0_cos30.eps}}
\caption{$BJ?6Q?.9fGH7A5Z$S$=$N(B$\theta$$B0MB8@-(B}
\label{pulseav.theta}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=5cm,clip]{driftline.eps}}
\caption{$B6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A(B($\theta$$BJ}8~(B)}
\label{driftline}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\clearpage
%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fig.pulse avarage phi%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=12cm,clip]{pulseav_pi_phi0_phi18.eps}}
\caption{$BJ?6Q?.9fGH7A5Z$S$=$N(B$\phi$$B0MB8@-(B}
\label{pulseav.phi}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=5cm,clip]{spacecharge_phi.eps}}
\caption{$B6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A(B($\phi$$BJ}8~(B)}
\label{spacecharge_phi}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%6.3 Correction%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\section{$B%S!<%`6/EYJd@5(B}
$B:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$O!"(BFig.\ref{beamintensity}$B$K<($9%S!<%`6/EY$GB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?!#$7$+$7!"$3$N%S!<%`6/EY$O%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$N?.9fGH7A!"$D$^$j?.9fGH7A$N@QJ,CM$G$"$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$K1F6A$rM?$($k6/EY$G$"$k$3$H$,!"%9%j%C%H$K$h$j%S!<%`6/EY$rJQ2=$5$;$FB,Dj$7$?7k2L(BFig.\ref{dedx_beamintensity}$B$K$h$jJ,$+$C$?!#(B


$B$3$N7k2L$,$o$+$C$?$N$O%S!<%`%F%9%H:G=*F|$G!"%G!<%?$N:FB,Dj$O=PMh$J$+$C$?!#$h$C$F2r@O$G$O!"$3$N%S!<%`6/EY$K$h$k1F6A$NJd@5$r9T$J$o$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#(B


$B%S!<%`6/EY$,%A%'%s%P!<$KM?$($k1F6A$H$7$F!"<!$NFs$D$,$"$2$i$l$k!#(B


$B%S!<%`6/EY$,C10LLL@QEv$?$j(B$300Hz$$B$H$$$&6/$$6/EY$K$J$k$H!"%A%'%s%P!<$N%;%kFb$K$O%$%*%s2=$K$h$C$F=PMh$?M[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$?>uBV$K$J$k!#$3$NM[%$%*%s$O!"%A%'%s%P!<$NA}I}NN0h$*$h$S%I%j%U%HNN0hN>J}$K1F6A$9$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%Fig. Beam Intensity%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=11cm,clip]{dedx_beamintensity_hz.eps}}
\caption{$B%S!<%`6/EY$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$X$N1F6A(B}
\label{dedx_beamintensity}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\subsection{$BA}I}NN0h$X$N1F6A(B}\label{gaineffect}
$B2YEEN3;R$H$NAj8_:nMQ$G%$%*%s2=$5$l$?EE;R$O!"%;%kFb$K7A@.$5$l$?EE>l$K$h$j%;%s%9%o%$%d!<J}8~$X%I%j%U%H$7$F$f$/!#$=$7$FA}I}NN0h$G$"$k%;%s%9%o%$%d!<6aK5$KE~C#$7$?EE;R$O5^7c$JEE0L8{G[$K$h$j2CB.$5$l!"%,%9J,;R$r%$%*%s2=$7$F!"EE;RM[%$%*%sBP$r$D$/$k!#$=$7$F$=$NEE;R$b$^$?EE>l$K$h$C$F2CB.$5$lB>$N%,%9J,;R$r%$%*%s2=$7EE;RM[%$%*%sBP$r$D$/$k!#$3$N$h$&$K$M$:$_;;E*$KA}I}$9$k$3$H$r%,%9A}I}$H8F$S!"%A%'%s%P!<$G$O$3$NEE;R72$r?.9f$H$7$F8!=P$9$k!#(B

$B$3$N$?$a!"%A%'%s%P!<$KF~<M$9$k2YEEN3;R$,B?$/$J$k$H$=$l$KH<$$A}I}NN0h$K$*$1$kEE;R$HM[%$%*%s$N?t$OB?$/$J$k!#$h$C$F:#2s$N%S!<%`%F%9%H$N$h$&$J%S!<%`6/EY$G$OL5?t$NEE;RM[EE;RBP$,%;%s%9%o%$%d!<6aK5$KH/@8$7!"M[%$%*%s$N%I%j%U%HB.EY$OEE;R$N%I%j%U%HB.EY$NLs(B1/1000$B$HCY$$$?$a!"A}I}NN0h$KM[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$?>uBV$H$J$k!#(B
$B%;%s%9%o%$%d!<6aK5$KM[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$F$$$J$1$l$P!"6aK5$NEE>l$N6/$5$O%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$N0u2CEE05$K$h$j7h$^$k$,!"M[%$%*%s$,%;%s%9%o%$%d!<6aK5$K=<K~$9$k$H!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$G%o%$%d!<6aK5$NEE>l$rMp$7!"DL>o$N%,%9A}I}$,F@$i$l$J$/$J$j!"8!=P?.9fGH7A$NBg$-$5$K1F6A$7!"$h$C$F?.9fGH7A$N@QJ,CM$G$"$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$,%S!<%`6/EY$K$h$jJQ2=$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!#(B
\subsection{$B%I%j%U%HNN0h$X$N1F6A(B}
$B%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$G$O!"(B\ref{gaineffect}$B$G=R$Y$?$h$&$JM}M3$GM[%$%*%s$,$G$-!"$3$NM[%$%*%s$OEE>l$K=>$C$F1"6KJ}8~$X%I%j%U%HNN0h$r%I%j%U%H$7$F$$$/!#$7$+$7%S!<%`6/EY$,6/2a$.$k$H!"M[%$%*%s$N%I%j%U%HB.EY$,CY$$$?$a%I%j%U%HNN0h$K$*$$$F$bM[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$?>uBV$H$J$k!#(B


$B$3$3$G%I%j%U%HNN0h$KEE2Y(B$q(x)$$B$,$"$k;~$NEE>l$X$N1F6A$r!"Bg;(GD%b%G%k$rMQ$$$?7W;;$G5a$a$F$_$k!#(B
%
%%%%%%Fig. E model%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=4cm,clip]{spaceindrift.eps}}
\caption{$BEE2Y(B$q$$B$,%I%j%U%HNN0h$K$"$k$H$-$NEE>l7W;;%b%G%k(B}
\label{spaceindrift}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
$B%A%'%s%P!<$N%"%N!<%I%o%$%d!<$KN.$l$kEEN.$O!"M[%$%*%s$N%I%j%U%HB.EY$HL)EY$K$h$j7h$^$k!#(B
\begin{equation}\label{eq:e1}
I = edL\rho(x)v_{D}(x) = const($BDj>o>uBV(B)
\end{equation}
\begin{center}
$d$ : $B%;%k$N%5%$%:(B(5cm$\times$2cell = 10cm)\\
$l$ : $B%I%j%U%H5wN%(B(5cm$\times$2cell = 10cm)\\
$L$ : $B%o%$%d!<J}8~$ND9$5(B(10cm)\\
$\rho$ : $BM[%$%*%s$NL)EY(B\\
$v_{d}$ : $BM[%$%*%s$N%I%j%U%HB.EY(B\\

\end{center}
$B%;%kFb$NEE2Y(B$q(x)$$B$O(B
\begin{equation}\label{eq:e2}
q(x) = edL{\int_0^x} dx\rho(x) = dL\epsilon_0 E(x)
\end{equation}

$B$h$j!"(B

\begin{equation}\label{eq:e3}
E(x) = \frac{1}{\epsilon_{0}dL} q(x)
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\label{eq:e4}
\rho(x) = \frac{1}{dL}\frac{dq}{dx}
\end{equation}
$B$H$J$k!#$^$?!"M[%$%*%s$N%I%j%U%HB.EY$O(B

\begin{equation}\label{eq:e5}
v_{D} = \mu E 
\end{equation}
($\mu$ : $BM[%$%*%s$N0\F0EY!"(B$E$ : $BEE>l(B)$B$GM?$($i$l$k!#(B
$B$h$C$F!"%A%'%s%P!<$N%;%kFb$NA4%o%$%d!<$KN.$l$kEEN.(B$I$$B$O!"<0(B(\ref{eq:e1})$B$K<0(B(\ref{eq:e2})$B!"(B(\ref{eq:e3})$B!"(B(\ref{eq:e4})$B!"(B(\ref{eq:e5})$B$rBeF~$7$F(B
\begin{equation}
I = dL\frac{1}{dL}\frac{dq}{dx}\mu\frac{1}{\epsilon_{0}dL}q(x)\label{eq:e6}
\end{equation}

$B$H$J$j!"$3$l$r@0M}$7$F(B

\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{\epsilon_{0}dLI}{\mu}\biggr) = q\biggl(\frac{dq}{dx}\biggr)\label{eq:e7}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{\epsilon_{0}dLI}{\mu}\biggr)x = \frac{1}{2}(q^2 - q_0^2)\label{eq:e8}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
q(x) = \sqrt{\biggl(\frac{2\epsilon_{0}dLI}{\mu}\biggr)x+q_{0}^2}\label{eq:e9}
\end{equation}

$B$H$J$k!#(B$q_{0}$$B$H$O2YEEN3;R$NF~<M$,$J$$;~$N%;%kFb$NEE2YNL$G(B

\begin{equation}
\biggl(\frac{\epsilon_{0}dL}{l}\biggr)V\label{eq:e10}
\end{equation}
$B$G$"$k!#$h$C$F!"%A%'%s%P!<$KEEN.(B$I$$B$,N.$l$F$$$k;~$NEE>l$H!"N.$l$F$$$J$$;~$NEE>l$O$=$l$>$l!"(B
\begin{equation}
E(x,I) = \frac{1}{\epsilon_{0}dL}\sqrt{\biggl(\frac{2\epsilon_0 dLI}{\mu}\biggr)x+q_0^2}\label{eq:e11}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
E(x,I=0) = \biggl(\frac{V}{l}\biggr)
\end{equation}
$B$H$J$k!#(B
$B%A%'%s%P!<$KN.$l$F$$$kEEN.(B$I$$B$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$7$?%S!<%`6/EY$G$O%"%N!<%I%o%$%d!<(B10$BK\$G(B$140nA$$B$G$"$k$HB,Dj$K$h$jF@$i$l$F$$$k!#$h$C$F!"@h$K5-$7$?$=$l$>$l$N%Q%i%a!<%?CM$rBeF~$7$FEE>l$N7W;;$r$7$?7k2L$O(BFig.\ref{spacecharge}$B$N$H$*$j$H$J$k!#%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$OF~<M0LCV(B$2.5cm$$B$GB,Dj$7$?$3$H$+$i!"M[%$%*%s$,=<K~$7$?>uBV$NEE>l$O2YEEN3;R$,F~<M$7$F$$$J$$;~$NEE>l$KHf$Y$FLs(B10$\%$$B<e$^$C$F$$$k$3$H$,!"7W;;7k2L$h$j$o$+$C$?!#(B


$BEE>l$,<e$^$l$P$=$l$KBP1~$7$F%I%j%U%HB.EY$bCY$/$J$k!#%S!<%`%F%9%H$GMQ$$$?%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$O(BFig.\ref{babychamber}$B$K<($9%;%kG[CV$G$"$k$+$i!"(BFig.\ref{track}$B$K<($9?^$G$O!">e(B5$BK\(B(cell1)$B$O:8B&$K!"2<(B5$BK\(B(cell2)$B$O1&B&$K%o%$%d!<$,@_CV$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$h$C$F!"%I%j%U%HB.EY$,CY$/$J$k$H8!=P;~4V$,CY$/$J$k$3$H$h$j!"(Bcell1$B$N?.9f$O1&$X(Bcell2$B$N?.9f$O:8$K$:$l$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$h$C$F!"$3$N%:%l$,EE>l$KHfNc$7$F$*$j!"$D$^$j%S!<%`6/EY$KHfNc$7$F$$$k!#(B

%%%%%%Fig. E model%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=13cm,clip]{spacecharge_positiveion.eps}}
\caption{$BEE2Y(B$q$$B$,%I%j%U%HNN0h$K$"$k$H$-$NEE>l7W;;%b%G%k(B}
\label{spacecharge}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage

\subsection{$BAj4X(B}
$B0J>e$N$h$&$JM}M3$+$i!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$H(Bcell1$B$H(Bcell2$B$NHt@W$N%:%l$KAj4X$,$"$k$H9M$($?!#(B
$B$h$C$F!"%-%c%j%V%l!<%7%g%sMQ$K%G!<%?B,Dj$7$?(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$NN3;R$NB,Dj7k2L$r!"=D<4$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM!J(B70$\%$ Truncated Mean of 10 wires)$B!"2#<4$K(Bcell1$B$H(Bcell2$B$NHt@W$N%:%l$r$H$C$F%W%m%C%H$7$?%0%i%U$,(BFig.\ref{spacecharge}$B$G$"$k!#$3$N7k2L$h$j!"F~<M3QEYA4$F$K$*$$$F$[$\0lDj$NAj4X$,$"$k$3$H$,$o$+$k!#$3$NAj4X$O(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$@$1$G$O$J$/!"B>$N1?F0NL!"2YEEN3;R$G$b3NG'$G$-$?!#$h$C$F!"(BFig.\ref{spacecharge}$B$K<($9%-%c%j%V%l!<%7%g%sMQ$KB,Dj$7$?(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$NJ,I[$r:G>.Fs>hK!$K$h$j%U%#%C%H$7!"Jd@578?t$r5a$a!"$=$l$r(Bcell1$B$H(Bcell2$B$NHt@W$N%:%l$,:G>.$H$J$k0LCV$,%S!<%`6/EY$N1F6A$,$J$$E@$G$"$k$H9M$(!"$=$N0LCV$r4p=`$H$7$FJd@5$r9T$J$C$?!#$^$?!"%,%9A}I}$H%I%j%U%HB.EY$O$H$b$K29EY05NO0MB8$G$"$k$+$i$3$NJd@5$K$h$j29EY05NOJd@5$b9T$J$o$l$k$3$H$K$J$k!#(B


$B0J2<$K<($9%G!<%?CM$OFC$K$U$l$J$$8B$j!"Jd@58e$N%G!<%?CM$G$"$k!#(B
\\
\\
\\
%
%%%%%%%Fig. xdifcorrection%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[hb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=13cm,clip]{xdif_trunc_theta0_15_30.eps}}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$H(Bcell1$B$H(Bcell2$B$NHt@W$N%:%l$NAj4X(B}
\label{spacecharge}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\clearpage
\section{$B%o%$%d!<0lK\$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=(B}
$B$"$kJ*<A$N8|$5$rDL2a$7$?$H$-$N2YEEN3;R$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NJ,I[$N9-$,$j$O<!$N$h$&$K$J$k!#(B\cite{Allison}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bunpu}
\frac{FWHM}{X_{peak}} = 81\biggl(\frac{\alpha t}{I}\biggr)^{-0.32}~(\%)
\end{equation}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lr}
 $\rho t$ : $BJ*<A$N8|$5(B~~$BC10L(B:$g/cm^2$ \\
 $Z$ : $B%,%9J,;R$N86;RHV9f(B \\
 $A$ : $B%,%9J,;R$N86;RNL(B \\
 $I$ : $BJ?6Q%$%*%s2=%]%F%s%7%c%k(B \\
 $\alpha$ $t$ = 0.1536$t(Z/A)(MeV)$
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
$B:#2s$NB,Dj$K$h$j5a$a$?J,I[(BFig.\ref{onewireresolution}$B$H!"$3$N<0$+$i$N4|BTCM$rHf3S$7$F$_$k!#AX$N8|$5$O(B$90^{\circ}$$BF~<M$G(B1cm$B$G$"$k!#;HMQ$7$?(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9$NL)EY$OI8=`>uBV$G(B2.049$\times10^{-3}g/cm^3$$B$G$"$k!#$^$?!"J?6Q%$%*%s2=%]%F%s%7%c%k$O(BFig.\ref{density}$B$h$j!"(BI=81.3eV$B$G$"$k!#$3$l$+$iJ,I[$N9-$,$j$r7W;;$9$k$H!"(B
\begin{equation}
\frac{FWHM}{X_{peak}} = 66.4
\end{equation}
$B$G$"$k!#0lJ}!"B,Dj7k2L$O(BFig.\ref{onewireresolution}$B$K$7$a$9$h$&$K(B
\begin{equation}
\frac{1595}{2105} = 75.7
\end{equation}
$B$G$"$j!"$3$NB,Dj7k2L$H4|BTCM$NHf$OLs(B1.1$B$GNI$/0lCW$7$F$$$k!#(B
%%%%%%Fig. Energy loss resolution of one wire%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=6cm,clip]{jsf_onewire_chg_1.0gev_pi_landau.eps}}
\caption{wire NO.3 $B$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,I[(B}
\label{onewireresolution}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\clearpage
\section{$B?.9f@QJ,;~4VI}(B}
$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM$O%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$+$i$N?.9fGH7A(B(Fig.\ref{pulseav.theta}$B!"(BFig\ref{pulseav.phi})$B$N(BADC$BCM$r@QJ,$7$F5a$a$k$?$a!"@QJ,;~4V$NHO0O$,JQ$o$l$PEvA3%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM$bJQ2=$7!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$bJQ2=$9$k!#(B
$B$3$3$G$O!"<B5!$K$*$$$F:G9b$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$r5a$a$k$3$H$rL\E*$H$7$F!"$3$N?.9fGH7A$N@QJ,;~4V$rJQ2=$5$;$FD4$Y$k$3$H$K$h$j!"@QJ,;~4VI}%Q%i%a!<%?$N:GNICM$r5a$a$k!#$3$3$G$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$O!"%S!<%`%F%9%H$K$*$1$k(B1track$B$N%5%s%W%j%s%0?t(B10$BK\$N>pJs$rMQ$$$F(BTruncated~Mean$B$N3d9g$O(B70$\%$$B$G7W;;$7$?!#$=$N2r@O7k2L$r(BFig.\ref{Integraltimewidth}$B$K<($9!#$3$N%0%i%U$N2#<4$O;~4V(B[nsec]$B$G(BFig.\ref{pulseav.theta}$B!"(BFig\ref{pulseav.phi}$B$K$*$1$k(BFADC~time~slot$B$O(B$1ch3nsec$$B$G$"$k!#$^$?!"=D<4$O%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$G!"(B$Resolution=\sigma / (dE/dx)_{trunc.}$$B$G$"$k!#$3$N%0%i%U$h$j!"@QJ,;~4V$,(B$300nsec$$B$^$G$OJ,2rG=$,NI$/$J$j!"$=$N8e$O$[$\0lDj$H$J$C$F$$$k!#$h$C$F!"@QJ,;~4VI}(B$300nsec$$B$G%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM$r5a$a$k$3$H$K$7$?!#(B
\\
\\
%%%%%%Fig. Integral timewidth%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=9cm,clip]{Nslots_sigma_th0.eps}}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$N@QJ,;~4VI}0MB8@-(B}
\label{Integraltimewidth}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\section{Truncated Mean}\label{truncmean}
JLC-CDC$B$N<B5!$G$O(B1track$B$KBP$9$k%5%s%W%j%s%0$N%o%$%d!<K\?t$O(B80$BK\$G$"$k!#$3$N$h$&$J>/$J$$%5%s%W%k?t$NJ,I[$N%T!<%/$NCM$r5a$a$kJ}K!$H$7$F!"(B\ref{energyloss3}$B$K5-$7$?(BTruncated Mean$B$H$$$&J}K!$,MQ$$$i$l$k!#(B80$BK\$N%5%s%W%k?t$N>l9g$N(BTruncated~Mean$B$N;;=P$O0J2<$N<j=g$G9T$J$C$?!#(B
\begin{itemize}
\item $B%S!<%`%F%9%H$G$O(B1track$B$K$h$jF@$i$l$k%5%s%W%k?t$O%F%9%H%A%'%s%P!<$N%;%k9=B$$K$h$j!"(B10$BK\$H$J$C$F$$$k!#$h$C$F!"<B5!$NA[Dj$G$O%5%s%W%k?t(B80$BK\$G$"$k$+$i!"%S!<%`%F%9%H$K$*$1$k(B8track$B$r<B5!$G$N(B1track$B$HA[Dj$7$F7W;;$9$k!#(B
\item 80$BK\$N%5%s%W%k$K$*$$$F!"(BADC$BCM$NBg$-$5$K$h$C$F=gHV$KJB$Y$k!#(B
\item $B>.$5$$J}$+$i$"$k3d9g$N%5%s%W%k$r:NMQ$9$k!#(B
\item $B$3$l$i$NJ?6QCM$r!"$3$NHt@W$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$H$9$k!#(B
\end{itemize}

$B$3$NJ}K!$G!"9b$$CM$rM?$($k(Btail$B$NItJ,$N4sM?$r$J$/$7!"%T!<%/$N<~JU$rCf?4$H$7$?:81&$KJ?6QE*$JJ,I[$K$J$k!#$I$N3d9g$,:G9b$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$rF@$i$l$k$+D4$Y$k$?$a$K!"(BTruncation$B$N3d9g$r(B60$\%$$B$+$i(B100$\%$$B$^$GJQ2=$5$;$F$=$N$H$-$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$r5a$a$?!#$J$*!"$3$3$G$O%S!<%`%F%9%H$K$*$1$k(B1track$B$N%5%s%W%j%s%0?t$G$"$k(B10$BK\$G%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$N7W;;$r9T$J$C$?!#$=$N7k2L$r(BFig.\ref{truncratio}$B$K<($9!#(B


$B0l$D$N%;%k$rDL2a$9$k2YEEN3;R$NHt@W$,D9$/$J$k$[$I(B1$B%;%k$+$iF@$i$l$k?.9f$,Bg$-$/$J$k$N$GF~<M3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$k$[$I%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$,NI$/$J$k$H$$$&M=A[$,=PMh$k!#$7$+$7!"(BFig.\ref{truncratio}$B$N7k2L$G$OF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$H(B$15^{\circ}$$B$O$[$\F1$8J,2rG=$G!"(B$30^{\circ}$$B$G$O0-$/$J$C$F$$$k!#$3$l$O(B\ref{chamberpulse}$B$G=R$Y$?6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$,860x$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$G$O!"%,%9A}I}$K$h$C$F=PMh$?EE;R72$O(BFig.\ref{driftline}$B$K<($7$?$h$&$K!"%;%s%9%o%$%d!<$N(B1$BE@$KL)=8$7$?>uBV$G:n$i$l$k$N$G6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$r<u$1$d$9$$!#$h$C$F!"F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$O6u4VEE2Y$K$h$k%,%9A}I}$NK0OB$K$h$j!"(BLandau$BJ,I[$N(Btail$B$KJ,I[$9$k$h$&$JAjBPE*$KBg$-$$?.9f$O>.$5$/B,Dj$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$3$l$K$h$j!"(BLandau~tail$B$KAjEv$9$kItJ,$,>/$J$$J,I[$H$J$j$_$+$1>eJ,2rG=$,NI$/$J$C$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#F~<M3QEY(B$15^{\circ}$$B$NJ,2rG=$O!"Ht@W$,D9$/$J$k$3$H$K$h$jJ,2rG=$,$h$/$J$k1F6A$H!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$,F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$h$j>.$5$$$3$H$K$h$j(BLandau$BJ,I[$K6aIU$-J,2rG=$,0-$/$J$k1F6A$r<u$1$F$$$F!"$=$l$,F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$NJ,2rG=$H$[$\0lCW$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(B
$B$^$?!"(BTruncation$B$N3d9g$,(B80$\%$$B$N;~$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$O0lHVNI$$$$$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$h$C$F!"(BTruncation$B$O(B80$\%$$B$G%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM$r5a$a$k$3$H$K$7$?!#$^$?!"F~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$K$*$1$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CMJ,I[$r(BFig.\ref{dedxreso}$B$K<($9!#(B
%
%%%%%%Fig. Truncated Mean%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=11cm,clip]{truncratio_reso.eps}}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$N(BTruncation($\%$)$B0MB8@-(B}
\label{truncratio}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%Fig. Truncated Mean%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{0}{\includegraphics[height=9cm,clip]{jsf1120_dedxresolution.eps}}
\caption{$B1?F0NL(B1GeV $\pi^{+}$$B$N(BTruncated Mean 80$\%$$B$NJ,I[(B}
\label{dedxreso}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\section{$B6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$X$N1F6A(B}
$B6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$,$I$l$[$I5/$-$F$$$k$N$+D4$Y$k$?$a$K2YEEN3;R$NF~<M3QEY$rJQ2=$5$;$F$=$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$X$N1F6A$rB,Dj$7$?!#$=$N7k2L$r(BFig.\ref{spacechargeeffect}$B$K<($9!#=D<4$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$OA4$FC10LD9$5Ev$?$j$K5,3J2=$7$?CM$G$"$k!#(B


$B$3$N?^$h$j!"(BMinimum~Ionized~Point($\beta\gamma =3\sim 4$)$B$K6a$$(B$1.0GeV/c$$\pi$$B$G$O%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$O$[$H$s$I6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k1F6A$r$&$1$F$$$J$$$,!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N9b$$(B$1GeV/c$$\pi$$B$G$O!"F~<M3QEY$,Bg$-$/$J$k$3$H$K$h$k(BFig.\ref{driftline}$B$N8z2L$G6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k1F6A$,2r>C$5$l$F$*$j!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NBg$-$$N3;R$G$O6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$r<u$1$F$$$k$N$,J,$+$C$?!#(B
%
%%%%%%Fig. Spacecharge effect%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=13cm,clip]{spacecharge_effect.eps}}
\caption{$B6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$X$N1F6A(B$(1GeV/c~~\pi)$}
\label{spacechargeeffect}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\section{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N(B$\beta\gamma$$B0MB8@-(B}
$B<B:]$KN3;R$N<1JL$r9T$J$&$?$a$K$O!"NI$$%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=NO$rF@$k$@$1$G$O$J$/!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$NCM$=$N$b$N$,(B$\beta\gamma=P/Mc$($P$:$B1?F0NL(B$M$:$B@E;_<ANL(B)$B$KBP$7$F$I$&JQ2=$9$k$+$rB,Dj$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#$=$3$G!"%S!<%`1?F0NL$r:Y$+$/JQ$($J$,$i$=$l$>$lF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B!"(B$15^{\circ}$$B!"(B$30^{\circ}$$B$K$D$$$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$rB,Dj$7!"$=$N0MB8@-$rD4$Y$?!#$=$N7k2L$O(BFig.\ref{energyloss}$B$G!"$3$l$r$=$l$>$lC10LD9$5Ev$?$j$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:(B$dE/dx$$B$K(B$cos$$\theta$$B$GJd@5$7!"(BMinimum~Ionaized~Point$B$H$7$FF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$0.5GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$r(B1$B$H$7$F(BNormalize$B$r9T$J$C$?7k2L$r(BFig.\ref{normenergyloss}$B$K<($9!#$3$N?^$h$j!"1?F0NL$NDc$$M[;R$N$h$&$J%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$,Ls(B1.2$B0J>e$NN3;R$O!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$$B$,>.$5$/$J$k$[$I(BFig.\ref{driftline}$B$K<($9M}M3$+$i6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k1F6A$r<u$1$d$9$/$J$k$N$GF~<M3QEY(B$\theta=30^{\circ}$$B$KHf$Y$F%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$,>.$5$/B,Dj$5$l$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#H?BP$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$,Ls(B1.2$B0J2<$G$O6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k1F6A$O$[$H$s$I$J$/!"$I$NF~<M3QEY$G$b$[$\F1$8?6Iq$$$r$9$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#(B
\\
\\
%
%%%%%%Fig. Energy loss%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=14cm,clip]{energyloss_notnorm.eps}}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N(B$\beta\gamma$$B0MB8@-(B}
\label{energyloss}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%
%%%%%%Fig. Normaraized Energy loss%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=14cm,clip]{norm_energyloss.eps}}
\caption{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$N(B$\beta\gamma$$B0MB8@-(B(Normalized)}
\label{normenergyloss}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\clearpage
\section{$B<B5!$G$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=(B}
$B@h$K=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"(BJLC-CDC$B$N<B5!$G$O(B1track$B$KBP$9$k%5%s%W%j%s%0$N%o%$%d!<K\?t$O(B80$BK\$G$"$k!#$3$3$G!"<B5!$K$*$$$F$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$r(B\ref{truncmean}$B$K5-$7$?<j=g$G5a$a$?!#1?F0NL(B$1GeV/c$$\pi^{+}$$B$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$N2r@O7k2L$rI=(B\ref{energylosstheta}$B$K<($9!#$3$NI=$h$j!"$3$N%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k$OB>$N%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$HJQ$o$i$J$$%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$r;}$D$3$H$,$o$+$j!"%,%9A}I}EY$N8&5f$G$b4QB,$G$-$?6u4VEE2Y8z2L$K$h$k%,%9A}I}$NK0OB8=>]$O!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=$r0-$/$9$k$N$G$O$J$/!"5U$KJ,2rG=$r$_$+$1>eNI$/$9$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$7$+$7!"C1$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K$h$kN3;R<1JL$OB,DjJ,2rG=$@$1$GI=$9$N$G$O$J$/!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$N:9$b=EMW$H$J$C$F$/$k!#Nc$($P!"%9%H%j!<%^!<%b!<%I$G%A%'%s%P!<$rF0:n$5$;$l$P!"3N$+$K%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,I[$NI}$O>.$5$/$J$k$,!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$=$N$b$N$OKX$s$IF~<MN3;R$N(B$\beta \gamma$$B$K0M$i$J$/$J$jN3;R<1JLG=NO$O0-$/$J$k!#$=$3$G!"(B\ref{dedxidentification}$B$G$O$3$NN3;R<1JLG=NO$K$D$$$FI>2A$9$k!#(B
\\
\\
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{$BF~<M3QEY(B(deg.)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=(B($\%$)}\\ \hline
           
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{0}                &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.2} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{15}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.0} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{30}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{6.4} \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NF~<M3QEY0MB8@-(B]{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NF~<M3QEY0MB8@-(B}
 \label{energylosstheta}
\end{table}%
\section{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO(B}\label{dedxidentification}
$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO$O!"(B\ref{energyloss3}$B$N<0(B\ref{eq:resolution1}$B$K<($9N3;R<1JLG=NO(B$T$$B$GI=$9!#$3$3$G!"1?F0NL(B$1GeV/c$$B$N(B$\pi^{+}$$B$H(B$proton$$B$N<B5!$K$*$1$kN3;R<1JLG=NO$rI=(B\ref{dedxidentification2}$B!"?^(B\ref{ppiseparation}$B$K<($9!#$3$N7k2L$h$j!"$I$NF~<M3QEY$K$*$$$F$b$[$\F1$8N3;R<1JLG=NO$,$"$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$D$^$j!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$,6/$/5/$-$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$kF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$G$b$3$N$h$&$JN3;R<1JLG=NO$,F@$i$l$?$3$H$K$h$j!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$,6/$/5/$-$k(B$CO_{2}/isoC_{4}H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9$G$b%(%M%k%.!<B;<:$K$h$kN3;R<1JL$,9T$J$($k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#(B
\\
\\
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{$BF~<M3QEY(B(deg.)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$BN3;R<1JLG=NO(B$T$}\\ \hline
           
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{0}                &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{4.6} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{15}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.1} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{30}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.1} \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO(B]{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO(B}
 \label{dedxidentification2}
\end{table}%
%
%%%%%%Fig. p-pi separation%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\rotatebox{270}{\includegraphics[height=14cm,clip]{jsf_1.0GeV_theta0_p_pisep.eps}}
\caption{$p \pi~~separation$}
\label{ppiseparation}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%
%

\chapter{$B7kO@(B}
$CO_2 /isoC_4 H_{10}(90/10)$$B:.9g%,%9Cf$N%_%K%8%'%C%H%;%k7?%I%j%U%H%A%'%s%P!<$N%(%M%k%.!<B;<:J,2rG=$NB,Dj$r9T$J$C$?7k2L!"<B5!$rA[Dj$7$?%5%s%W%k?t(B80$BK\$NJ,2rG=$OI=(B\ref{energyloss1}$B$K<($9$h$&$KNI$$J,2rG=$,F@$i$l$k$3$H$,$o$+$C$?!#(B
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{$BF~<M3QEY(B(deg.)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=(B($\%$)}\\ \hline
           
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{0}                &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.2} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{15}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.0} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{30}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{6.4} \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=(B]{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjJ,2rG=(B}
 \label{energyloss1}
\end{table}%
\\
$B$^$?!"<B5!$K$*$1$kN3;R<1JLG=NO$r1?F0NL(B$1GeV/c$$B$N(B$\pi^{+}$$B$H(B$proton$$B$GD4$Y$?7k2L!"I=(B\ref{dedxidentification2}$B$K<($9N3;R<1JLG=NO$,F@$i$l!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$,6/$/5/$-$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$kF~<M3QEY(B$0^{\circ}$$B$G$b!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$,>/$J$$F~<M3QEY(B$30^{\circ}$$B$H$[$\F1$8N3;R<1JLG=NO$,F@$i$l$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#(B
\begin{table}[htb]
\doublerulesep=0pt
\def\arraystretch{1.2}
\begin{center}
 \begin{tabular}{lr}\hline
\multicolumn{1}{c}{$BF~<M3QEY(B(deg.)} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$BN3;R<1JLG=NO(B$T$}\\ \hline
           
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{0}                &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{4.6} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{15}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.1} \\
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{30}               &  \multicolumn{1}{c}{5.1} \\ \hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption[$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO(B($p \pi~~separation$]{$B%(%M%k%.!<B;<:B,DjCM$K$h$kN3;R<1JLG=NO(B}
 \label{dedxidentification2}
\end{table}%
%
$B$^$?!"F~<M3QEY(B$\theta$$B$rJQ2=$5$;$FB,Dj$7$?7k2L(BFig.\ref{normenergyloss}$B$K$h$j!"%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CMLs(B1.2$B0J2<$NN3;R$OF~<M3QEY$K$h$i$:F1$8$U$k$^$$$r$9$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$7$+$7!"1?F0NL$NDc$$M[%$%*%s$N$h$&$J%(%M%k%.!<B;<:CMLs(B1.2$B0J>e$NN3;R$O!"6u4VEE2Y8z2L$N1F6A$r<u$1$F$$$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#$^$?!"$=$N6u4VEE2Y8z2L$OF~<M3QEY(B$\theta =15^{\circ}$$BIU6a$^$G1F6A$7!"(B$30^{\circ}$$BIU6a$K$J$k$H5^7c$K2r>C$9$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!#(B
\\
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\chapter*{$B<U<-(B}
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$B:G8e$K!"K\Ev$K$?$/$5$s$NJ}!9$+$i8f=uNO$rD:$$$?$3$H$K?4$+$i?<$/46<UCW$7$^$9!#(B




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\end{document} 